19/ Another case study of localized impacts of data centers on water usage was Google’s data centers in The Dalles, Oregon. In 2021, Google’s The Dalles data centers used 355 million gallons of water or 29 percent of all city water. Local residents felt that “Google’s become a water vampire.” Google planned to build more data centers but wouldn’t reveal its water usage to the public which generated “intense controversy.”
Google’s water consumption records were only revealed after a 13-month legal fight between city attorneys and The Oregonian/OregonLive news group. The city sued the journalists in order to prevent them from publishing Google’s water use information arguing that Google’s water use was a “trade secret.” The city, and by proxy Google, lost.
In a 2022 settlement, the city “agreed to provide public access to 10 years of historical data on Google’s water use and to honor future records requests.” In addition, the city and Google agreed to pay large amounts to related journalist organizations. This lawsuit led to Google disclosing its data center water use for the first time in The Dalles and globally.
As of 2026, OregonLive reported “Google’s data centers gulped down nearly 550 million gallons of water in The Dalles in 2025. That’s nearly 40% of all the water consumed in the entire city.” Additionally, Google refuses to reveal its forecasted water consumption at its The Dalles data centers despite the prior settlement. OregonLive noted the city’s 2024 water master plan suggests that “most or all” of the city’s doubling in business water consumption by 2034 will come from Google’s data centers, while residential water consumption will remain relatively flat. For additional context, this water allocation debate was compounded by The Dalles’ persistent droughts.
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