Another hangup I'm seeing: why did Jane Street have long momentum exposure? Not because they're yoloing a factor. Because many stat arb strategies organically accrue momentum exposure and residualizing it out would reduce risk-adjusted returns.
A stylized example with no IP since it's in the literature: your signal is xsection(analyst earnings revision). Long equities with upside revision acceleration, short equities with downside revision acceleration. This is _not_ a bet on price continuation/trend.
However! Analysts empirically cluster around news that has already moved the price. The legitimate fundamental information seeding the cross-section has a latent loading on momentum, via human behavior.
If you try to orthogonalize this signal to momentum, you linearly downweight the equities in the cross-section which report the highest analyst conviction, because that conviction is mechanically reflexive on momentum, even though it is a qualitatively distinct source of information!
Consequently, your residualization will flatten the distribution: post-resid top quintile of the xsection has shifted names with weaker signal from the middle three quintiles, and likewise for the bottom quintile.
Realistic numbers - you squeeze a 1.0 Sharpe out of analyst revisions, 8% annualized on 8% vol. You residualize out momentum, your vol does drop because you took out the momentum risk. Maybe it goes to 6%. But oops - because of the distribution smearing effect, your returns have fallen faster, to around 5%, and now you've got like a 0.85 Sharpe.
Jane Street are not idiots. They understand this intimately well, and far better than I'm even describing here. They're still up $40B net revenue YTD after losing $15B because they rationally accept the higher risk adjusted returns that keep in the factor prone to sharp drawdowns.
> The firm has generated more than $40B in net trading revenues in the year to Friday, even accounting for the July loss