The last two weeks I was a bit immersed in the European and Middle Power AI discourse. One thing that could help: get clearer on what objectives address which consequences by actually naming your worries.
A weak European position across the AI stack could lead to severe consequences. How severe depends on AI's future capabilities. Here's a categorization attempt:
- Prosperity. Europe might still grow richer in absolute terms, but its relative income declines. The wealth AI creates accrues along the tech stack whose high-margin parts are outside Europe.
- Access. Frontier capability reaches European governments and companies late or not at all. Staged release becomes the default, anti-distillation measures limit access, compute scarcity means providers prioritize, or access becomes a bargaining chip in trade negotiations.
- Agency. Europe's enforcement power degrades as its market matters less to AI companies. It steers AI development less, knows less about frontier systems, and loses the ability to set and enforce its own rules.
- Security. Europe defends itself with AI models hosted by others. If frontier AI becomes a national security capability, Europe uses it on conditions set abroad—and access could be restricted at any point.
- Strategic relevance. A Europe that grows more slowly, defends itself less well, and decides less becomes less geopolitically relevant. Alliances rely more on goodwill than strategic mutual dependence.
- Catastrophe. AI development could lead to catastrophe through cyber, biology, or loss of control. Europe bears the consequences despite not causing them.
Most of these consequences require no hostile intent toward Europe. Compute scarcity, staged releases driven by security considerations, slower adoption, and race dynamics can lead to them on competitive economic terms or US national security grounds.