One of our key design goals with the upcoming swaps launch is to give it a more institutional feel. Of course, we will keep the perps markets around for those of you with more, ahem, speculative needs. The free market will give you the choice of both!
Preventing liquidation cascades
Over the years perps have shown to have two soft spots: the reliance on an external oracle (index) price and the snowball effect that comes with liquidations. The
$SKHYNIX liquidations were kickstarted by a single erroneous print on the Korea Exchange (KRX) and read into the Hyperliquid oracle. The liquidation sell orders hit the thin orderbooks, moving the mark price down further. The new, lower mark price triggers more liquidations, causing further sell orders to be dumped onto the orderbooks...
Eventually one of two things happen: 1) either the mark price goes to 0, clearing out all open interest and putting a permanent halt to the avalanche, or 2) brave liquidity providers realize the price is a bargain and supply enough liquidity on the bid side to absorb the liquidations.
Swaps are completely different. There is no index price, except to serve as a visual reference price to where the underlying market is trading. There is only the bid and the ask, with no tethering mechanism to the index price.
This would've changed the SKHYNIX situation in two key ways. First, any data errors from the index price oracle don't kickstart the liquidations. Second, orders route directly to TradFi liquidity sources, not the onchain orderbooks! This means moving the mark price requires moving the TradFi market, which has decades of experience in dealing with these types of situations.
The main tradeoff with this design is that it requires more trust in traditional financial institutions to keep bid/ask prices in line.
The return of the long term holder?
If we accept the trust factor, the benefits are clear. Holding perps long term can be a tricky proposition as it requires a) not getting liquidated on wicks as described above and b) managing unpredictable funding rates, which be larger in magnitude than the return of the underlying asset in the first place.
Swaps not only have safer liquidation mechanics, but stable financing rates tied to the USD borrow rate. Currently, we anticipate a flat ~4.5% annual financing rate (longs pay shorts). This rate will fluctuate slowly with interest rates and not wildly with PvP supply/demand imbalances like perp markets.
We hope to usher in a new class of on-chain users: long term holders of real, productive assets.