There are those whose only frame of reference for antinomianism is the 17th century, but the controversy with the antinomians goes back to the early 16th century.
Luther and Melanchthon battled antinomianism in the early 16th century. Luther coined the term antinomian. Unlike some opponents of antinomianism, however, in their battle against antinomianism, they did not sacrifice the gospel.
Luther taught the third use of the law in substance and Melanchthon gave us the vocabulary (tertius usus legis) for it.
The same is true of the second-generation Protestants. Calvin, Bullinger, and the Lutheran orthodox agreed on the distinction between law and gospel, and the third use of the law. The Book of Concord explicitly teaches the third use.
The nomists don't want you to know that. Part of their agenda is to drive a wedge between the Lutherans and the Reformed on justification and salvation and the law/gospel distinction.
The orthodox & scholastic successors of Luther, Calvin et al. maintained opposition to antinomianism without giving into the temptation of nomism.
E.g., Ursinus under the discussion of the distinction between law & gospel, under HC 92:
"The objections of the Antinomians, Libertines, and others of a similar cast, who contend that the moral law has no respect to Christians, and that it ought not to be taught in the church of Christ, will be noticed when we come to the exposition of the 115th Question of the Catechism where we shall speak of the use of the law."
Zacharias Ursinus , The Commentary of Dr. Zacharias Ursinus on the Heidelberg Catechism trans. G. W. Williard (Elm Street Printing Company, 1888), 497.
Yesterday, someone questioned me as to the definition of antinomianism yesterday, implying that the definition I offered, i.e., the denial of the abiding validity of the moral law as the norm of the Christian life, was insufficient. The expansion of antinomianism is a mark of nomism.
The definition we find in Ursinus (before the young Turks complain about citing the corpus doctrinae I am aware of the editorial and textual history) was standard magisterial Reformation teaching.
When the Marrow of Modern Divinity was 1st published it was, contrary to some claims, received as an orthodox and faithful work. It was largely a series of quotations from the magisterial Protestants. It was done by a layman, so there were some issues that had to be corrected in subsequent editions, but those blemishes did not substantially weaken the major thrust of the work, which was to remind the English Reformed of the Reformation basics.
By the early 18th, however, many had quit reading the magisterial Reformers in favor of Richard Baxter. When Thomas Boston and the other Marrow Men rediscovered The Marrow, it became hotly controversial in the Church of Scotland.
Our contemporary nomists want you to think that Baxter and the nomists in the C of S were the heroes in the story and that the Marrow Men were latent antinomians. That is revisionist history.
There is an active movement to rehabilitate Richard Baxter. The nomists want you to think that either his rejection of the Reformation on justification never happened (that is gaslighting) or that he changed his mind. I'm still waiting for documentary evidence for this claim. As far as I know, his biographers know nothing about any such change of heart or mind.
According to the nomists (i.e., those who teach justification, sanctification, or salvation through law-keeping, hence nomist or law-ist), anyone who is not a nomist, is an antinomian.
That makes the entire Protestant Reformation and the confessions and catechisms of the churches antinomian. That is just silly.
The justified seek to keep the law because they are justified. The saved seek to keep the law because they are saved.
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