This is a scatter plot of every month since 1973, placing each month by two numbers: the 10-year Treasury yield (horizontal axis) and the trailing price-to-earnings ratio of the stock market (vertical axis). The dark diamond marks today, September 2026, at roughly a 4.8% yield and a trailing P/E near 26.
When bond yields are high, stocks tend to trade at low multiples, and when yields are low, multiples expand.
Today sits in an unusual spot: yields are moderately high and stocks are expensive. Only 29 of 645 months (4.5%) had both a higher yield and a higher P/E than now, and every one of them falls in a single stretch from April 1998 to June 2002, the peak and unwinding of the dot-com bubble.
Trailing P/E can look stretched when earnings are about to accelerate, which is the bull case investors are implicitly making (much of it around AI-driven profit growth). The market's composition has also shifted toward higher-margin, faster-growing companies than in the 1970s–90s, which can justify structurally higher multiples. And the relationship between yields and multiples was much weaker during the low-rate 2010s, so the regression line isn't a law.