Which runner will do better?
Runner A- Bases training on the best research intervention training studies.
Runner B- Bases training on the best practices established by current coaching knowledge.
Easy answer: B. Yet, everyone wants a peer reviewed study to prove a training idea works...
This isn't to discount science. I'm an exercise scientist. It's great. But when it comes to training studies, because of the limitations and constraints, they often fall short of the real world. Research helps to explaiN WHY something works, the mechanisms. That's important, it helps coaches refine.
But when it comes to training knowledge/theory, real world coaching tends to find what works much quicker and better. Why? Because in running, the clock doesn't lie. We have a natural selection of training theories, where a large number of people try different approaches, and the ones that have a large enough signal to show improvement, stick around. It's a kind of survival of the fittest ideas.
Again, we need both, science and coaching practice. The best utilize both.
But, increasingly I've noticed when I suggest a workout style, someone asks for a peer reviewed study to back it up. That's the wrong question.