Your patient is motorically ON. But are they neuropsychiatrically ON?
This excellent review reframes neuropsychiatric fluctuations in PD as dynamic, dopamine-linked phenomena that may precede, exceed or occur independently of motor fluctuations.
-OFF: anxiety, apathy, low mood, fatigue, cognitive slowing
-ON: increased drive, impulsivity, disinhibition, hyperactivity
Don’t just ask “When do you wear OFF?” Ask how mood, thinking and behaviour change around each levodopa dose.
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