FROM THE DEPTHS: JONAH & YOM KIPPUR.
Every year on Yom Kippur, during the afternoon service, Jewish communities around the world read the book of Jonah.
Why Jonah?
Because Jonah is one of the clearest pictures in the Tanakh of teshuvah — turning back to God.
Nineveh was a violent, wicked city under judgment. God sent Jonah with a warning:
“Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!”
— Jonah 3:4
But something extraordinary happened.
The people believed God.
They humbled themselves.
They fasted.
They turned from their wickedness.
And Scripture says:
“When God saw their deeds, that they turned from their wicked way, then God relented concerning the calamity which He had declared He would bring upon them.”
— Jonah 3:10
That is why Jonah belongs on Yom Kippur.
The message is not simply:
Feel sorry.
It is:
TURN.
The Hebrew idea of teshuvah carries the sense of returning.
Return to God.
Return from sin.
Return while there is still time.
But Jonah is not only about Nineveh’s repentance.
Jonah himself must return.
He runs from the presence of the LORD, resists God’s calling, and becomes angry when God shows mercy.
The prophet preaching repentance is also being confronted by God.
It is easy to see the sins of Nineveh.
It is harder to see the Jonah within ourselves.
And then there is Jonah’s descent.
He goes down to Joppa.
Down into the ship.
Down into the sea.
Down into the depths.
For three days and three nights, Jonah disappears beneath the waters.
Then he is brought up again.
“I descended to the roots of the mountains... but You have brought up my life from the pit, O LORD my God.”
— Jonah 2:6
Jonah’s story is not only about repentance.
It is also about descent and deliverance.
From the depths, Jonah remembers the temple:
“When my soul fainted within me, I remembered the LORD, and my prayer came to You, into Your holy temple.”
— Jonah 2:7
A man in the depths.
A holy God.
A cry for mercy.
And a return.
Yet Jonah contains another surprise.
Nineveh is not Israel.
It is a Gentile city.
And still God sends a prophet.
Still God warns.
Still God shows compassion.
The God of Israel reveals that His mercy reaches farther than Jonah wanted it to.
That is why the book ends with one of the most arresting questions in Scripture:
“Should I not have compassion on Nineveh...?”
— Jonah 4:11
And then the book stops.
No answer from Jonah.
Just God’s question.
Perhaps the reader is meant to answer it.
Do we share God’s heart for mercy?
Jonah knew exactly who God was:
“For I knew that You are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abundant in lovingkindness.”
— Jonah 4:2
His theology was correct.
His heart still needed to change.
But Yom Kippur goes deeper still.
Because repentance is not the whole question.
The Torah asks how sin itself is dealt with before a holy God.
“For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls.”
— Leviticus 17:11
And Leviticus 16 gives one of Scripture’s most vivid pictures of sin being removed from the people.
Sin is not ignored.
It is dealt with.
Removed.
Carried away.
That makes Micah’s words especially powerful:
“Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity... You will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.”
— Micah 7:18–19
Jonah descends into the depths of the sea.
Micah says God casts sins into the depths of the sea.
Yom Kippur is about more than remorse.
It is about the possibility that guilt can actually be removed.
But then Scripture raises an even deeper question:
How does God ultimately provide that atonement?
Abraham once said:
“God will provide for Himself the lamb.”
— Genesis 22:8
The Torah teaches that God gives blood for atonement.
And later Isaiah speaks of a Servant who would be:
“Pierced for our transgressions... crushed for our iniquities.”
Then Isaiah says:
“The LORD has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on Him.”
— Isaiah 53:5–6
What a progression.
God provides.
God gives.
God removes.
God bears.
Repentance matters.
Humility matters.
Turning back matters.
But Scripture continually points beyond what we do toward what God Himself provides.
And Jonah stands quietly in the middle of this great biblical story:
A prophet who descends into the depths.
Three days.
Then deliverance.
No explanation forced.
No conclusion imposed.
Just the question left hanging before us:
Will we keep running from God, or will we return to Him?
And perhaps Yom Kippur asks one more:
When God provides the way of atonement, will we recognize it?
“Return to Me, and I will return to you.”
— Malachi 3:7
That is the heartbeat of Jonah.
That is the heartbeat of teshuvah.
And it may be one of the deepest heartbeats of Yom Kippur.