Our new Review is out in
@NatRevNeph : "Nucleic acid sensing pathways in kidney disease development.
rdcu.be/E4LcDJnuvDba
When RNA and DNA end up in the wrong compartment, or contain the wrong modifications the cell no longer recognizes them as self. Damaged mitochondria spill mtDNA and mtRNA into the cytosol, genotoxic stress releases nuclear DNA fragments, and epigenetic dysregulation reawakens endogenous retroelements. Sensors such as cGAS–STING, AIM2, RIG-I and MDA5, and the endosomal Toll-like receptors read these misplaced nucleic acids as if they were an infection. The interferon and inflammasome programs that follow drive regulated cell death, sterile inflammation and fibrotic remodelling, in the glomerulus and in the tubule alike, across acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease and lupus nephritis.
This has been a long-standing interest of our laboratory, and the Review builds directly on that work:
Mitochondrial damage and cytosolic mtDNA activate STING and drive renal inflammation and fibrosis — Cell Metabolism 2019:
doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.…
NLRP3 and STING are central to APOL1-associated podocytopathy — Journal of Clinical Investigation 2021:
doi.org/10.1172/JCI136329
Increased endogenous retrovirus expression triggers fibroinflammation in kidney disease — Nature Communications 2023:
doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-3…
NAD+ precursor supplementation prevents mtRNA/RIG-I-dependent inflammation during kidney injury — Nature Metabolism 2023:
doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-0…
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the STING pathway converge in kidney fibrosis — Kidney International 2025:
doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.…
The therapeutic landscape is genuinely encouraging. STING and TLR inhibitors, and strategies that restore nucleic acid clearance, protect the kidney in preclinical models. The challenge ahead is precision: these pathways also defend us, so the targeting will need to be cell-type specific and stage specific.
Warm congratulations to Magaiver Andrade-Silva, Cherry Kang and Yena Jang.
doi.org/10.1038/s41581-026-0…