The West Bank & the Gaza Strip:
There are 2 completely separate situations, one is Gaza and one is the West Bank, the people claiming “apartheid” kind of have a point in that an Arab who lives in the West Bank isn’t an Israeli citizen & can’t vote in the elections & get state services etc (they have that from the PA), but the Jews who live there DO get it.
So originally Israel as part of going towards a “2 state solution” gave back Gaza in 2005, right away the Arabs came and burnt all the greenhouses (they grew some of the best vegetables & produce in the world there) & other such stuff that was there including the underground water system etc
Hamas won a close election in Gaza in 2007, the basically drove out Abbas’s Fatah party & turned it from a somewhat functioning society to a 3rd world hell hole.
As for Israel once they got thru own land they started shooting rockets at Israel & every few years Israel had to bomb them and sometimes even go in by foot.
There has been a blockade on Gaza since Hamas took over because they would smuggle weapons & such in, everything that goes in has to be checked etc.
A while back the UN was sending them enormous amounts of building materials & nothing was really being built, but in 2014 they found out that Hamas built this extensive underground tunnel network with all those materials
The best source for a lot of this info overall in this thread is “the prime ministers” by Yehuda Avner who was there in person and as the English speechwriter for 5 different prime ministers (it was VERY needed then as a new country)