ALT Figure 4: Post-tools era. Oncotarget versus Scientific Reports and PLOS One. The percentage of “High risk” articles identified by
the tool “Argos” (as of 3/05/2026) in relation to the total number of articles published in a journal during a specific year in 2019–2025.
🛡️ To maintain scientific integrity and reduce the risk of costly settlements related to image fraud, we recommend institutions subscribe to image forensics tools, establish dedicated image forensics teams, and encourage researchers to screen their manuscripts before publication.