Regular strength and aerobic exercise are associated with a better-functioning brain in middle age.
Women who did resistance training regularly had faster reaction times than those who did aerobic exercise or no exercise at all. Regular exercise of any type was associated with better working memory, with the clearest association among older participants.
This was a cross-sectional study of women aged 35-63. But it's hardly specific to this female age group.
Brain health is one of the main reasons I exercise. And, as I’ve discussed, the older brain remains capable of responding too. In a separate randomized trial I cite often, a year of aerobic exercise increased hippocampal volume by about 2%. That’s a region critical for learning and memory.
All types of exercise deserve a spot in the conversation about brain health, though it's interesting to see there may be some domain-specific effects!