In 2022 alone, nearly $2B was stolen from cross-chain bridge protocols.
That was roughly 64% of everything stolen from DeFi that year.
The recurring problem wasn’t Ethereum, Solana, or the chains themselves.
It was what had to sit between them.
A blockchain cannot natively verify the state of another blockchain. Many cross-chain systems solve that by introducing another trust layer: validators, guardians, multisigs, custodians, or pooled collateral.
And that layer becomes the attack surface. 🧵