P/B ratio has historically been a more reliable and stable valuation metric for predicting future returns compared to alternatives such as P/E or EV/EBITDA. I had demonstrated this through correlation analysis in an earlier investor memo.
The chart below tracks the P/B ratio (blue line) of the Nifty Smallcap 100 Index against the 25th percentile of its trailing 5-year P/B range (orange line). In simple terms, when the blue line falls below the orange line, the current valuation is in the lowest quartile of the past five years.
Since P/B is broadly proportional to ROE, the structural improvement in index ROEโfrom ~8โ12% in the previous decade to ~15% currentlyโhas led to a gradual upward shift in the orange line over time.
Notably, for the first time since the COVID crash, the current P/B has moved below this 25th percentile threshold. Historically, similar instancesโduring the 2011โ2013 downturn, Q1 2016 correction, and the COVID crashโhave been followed by strong returns over the subsequent 1โ3 years.
This does not imply that markets have bottomed, nor does it guarantee short-term gains. In an event-driven environment, especially with geopolitical risks such as an escalation in war, markets could decline further by 10โ20%.
However, what can be said with a reasonably high degree of confidence is that forward-looking returns over a 1โ3 year horizon from such valuation levels have historically been better than average.