Operation Northwoods was a 1962 proposed U.S. Department of Defense plan that suggested staging false flag terrorist actions to create a pretext for a military invasion of Cuba. [1, 2]
## Overview and Origin
* Proposed in: March 1962. [1, 2]
* Origin: Drafted by the [Joint Chiefs of Staff](
nsarchive.gwu.edu/CMC-60/joi…) (led by General Lyman Lemnitzer) and presented to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. It was developed under the broader context of [Operation Mongoose](
nsarchive2.gwu.edu/news/2001…), a covert program aimed at removing Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba. [2, 3, 4]
* Terminology: Historical research indicates that "Northwoods" was originally a descriptive code word used on documents rather than an official operational name. [5, 6]
## Proposed Tactics
The declassified proposal outlined several extreme scenarios designed to trick the American public and international community into supporting a war: [3, 7]
* Staged Attacks on U.S. Targets: Blown-up ships at Guantanamo Bay or simulated attacks on military bases. [2, 3]
* Fabricated Aerial Incidents: Remotely controlling civilian aircraft to be painted as U.S. Air Force planes or faking the shoot-down of a military jet over international waters near Cuba. [1, 2]
* Acts of Violence on Civilians: Orchestrating fake or real terror campaigns, including bombings and the sinking of refugee boats carrying Cuban immigrants, and blaming the casualties on the Cuban government. [1, 2, 3]
## Outcome
* Rejection: President John F. Kennedy [rejected the proposals](
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operat…) outright and refused to authorize the military intervention outlined in the document. [1, 8]
* Declassification: The top-secret documents were declassified in 1997 and 2001 under the JFK Assassination Records Collection Act, becoming a widely studied example of Cold War military planning and overreach. [4, 8]
[1] [
en.wikipedia.org](
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operat…)
[2] [
nsarchive2.gwu.edu](
nsarchive2.gwu.edu/news/2001…)
[3] [
abcnews.com](
abcnews.com/US/story?id=9266…)
[4] [
muse.jhu.edu](
muse.jhu.edu/article/197244)
[5] [
theconversation.com](
theconversation.com/what-rob…)
[6] [
yahoo.com](
yahoo.com/news/articles/robe…)
[7] [
digitalcommons.winthrop.edu](
digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/…)
[8] [
youtube.com](
youtube.com/watch?v=ZeFnQyLL…)