The Shroud of Turin and Sudarium of Oviedo irrefutably prove the crucifixion, death, and resurrection of Jesus with hard scientific evidence. Only 2 microns thick, capturing a literal cosmic event: power output of humanity over an entire year, released in a fraction of a second.
My main takeaway from my research into the historical Jesus: Your worldview will shape your conclusion regarding the resurrection.
Here’s why: At least Peter and Paul, and probably James and Mary Magdalene, experienced something they sincerely believed was the Risen Jesus.
We have no way of knowing what they saw or experienced.
If you are a believer, you will likely conclude it was the Risen Jesus.
If you are a skeptic, you will probably lean toward a vision or hallucination.
I have looked closely at the evidence for 11 months and privately reached out to scholars. You won't find anything that proves or disproves the resurrection.
That does not mean it happened or did not happen. It means each person’s worldview will shape their conclusion.
That said, I do think there are things we can understand with 95% confidence that conflict with what some of the West believes:
Jesus was an apocalyptic preacher. He did not identify himself as God (whether he was is a different topic). He thought the world would end imminently. He believed he and the Twelve would have a central role in the Kingdom.
There are major historical issues with the Gospels, from oral tradition to contradictions, from agendas to anonymous writers decades later.
I also think we must separate the sources and not lump them together.
Paul is writing firsthand. The problem is he doesn't provide much detail. He also (on purpose) gives us nothing about Jesus' life, other than the crucifixion and Last Supper.
Mark warrants priority but isn't writing a biography. He's using editorial judgment, as evidenced by the women fleeing the tomb at the end. He chooses to leave out what he understands happened afterward to uphold his theme of the Messianic Secret. He is also, presumably, basing his info on oral tradition 40-50 years later.
Matthew and Luke provide value because of the "Q" source, which contains quotes from Jesus that pass the criterion of embarrassment and dissimilarity. I think many of these quotes go back to Jesus.
However, I don't think Matthew and Luke's independent sources provide us much historical value.
The "M" source is suspect to me because it conveniently backfills Jesus' life to fulfil Hebrew prophecies that no other source reports.
I don't really know what the "L" source is doing, other than seemingly appealing to Gentiles.
John is late, independently attested, and overly theological. I'm not sure we can do much with it historically other than use it to understand what a certain Christian community is saying about Jesus late in the first century.
That said, none of that precludes what ultimately determines Christianity: whether God raised him from the dead.
Likewise, I am not saying M, L, and John are wrong. I just don't think we can establish it historically.
Which is why I don't get the hostility toward the topic of history. It shouldn't alter belief, either way.