The economic debate over what caused inflation to surge in 2021-22 pits two dueling hypotheses: (1) a shifting out of the demand curve or (2) a change in firm conduct. The most common explanation of (2) is a form of *tacit* price coordination--that is, firms raised prices in excess of costs under the cover of a crisis, aka "profiteering," "gouging," or "sellers' inflation." Largely overlooked in the debate is the contribution of *explicit* price-fixing in major consumer-facing sectors of the economy such as rents (think RealPage) and food (think Agri Stats). It's important to resolve this debate, as the policy implications for combating inflation are very different depending on what ultimately caused prices to spike in this period.
In the aftermath of Covid crisis, a heterodox theory of inflation took hold, which blamed corporations for using the fog of a crisis to raise prices in excess of any cost increase and generally coordinate on pricing. Some industrial organization economists believe it is their job to defend corporations and deflect blame for price hikes on rising demand. One such economist was able to publish his critique in a peer-reviewed journal. With Rafay Abit, I review his paper here (link in thread below).