Elon Musk: "No one has ever developed a fully reusable orbital heat shield. Because when you come in from orbital velocity, you come in like a flaming meteor, like you're just a raging ball of fire. And it's hard to have a heat shield that doesn't partially melt or get destroyed in that process."

Mars probably won’t be terraformed all at once. It’ll be terraformed in pieces. Paraterraforming sealed biodomes, aerogel-covered habitats, and closed-loop ecosystems sidesteps several of the hardest problems with trying to remake the entire planet. Open liquid water on Mars is not automatically your friend. Expose it to fresh basalt and you restart a geochemical carbon sink: water + basalt + CO₂ → carbonate minerals such as siderite. On Earth, plate tectonics eventually recycles carbonates. Mars has a stagnant lid. Once that carbon is locked into rock, there is no planetary-scale recycling engine bringing it back. So instead of fighting an entire planet: > Contain the atmosphere. > Contain the water. > Isolate it from reactive regolith. > Build the climate locally. Silica aerogel is especially interesting because a thin layer can transmit visible sunlight while trapping heat beneath it a solid-state greenhouse capable of creating localized warm zones without thickening Mars’s entire atmosphere. Inside those protected environments, cyanobacteria, algae and other photosynthetic organisms could begin producing oxygen and biomass from Martian CO₂ and water. Then comes the harder engineering problem: Dust storms. During severe planet-encircling storms, surface sunlight can collapse by well over 90%, shutting down photosynthesis and crippling solar power simultaneously. That means a serious Martian biosphere cannot be solar-only. It needs dispatchable baseload power. For a ~100 m² experimental biodome, maintaining lighting, circulation and thermal control during extreme opacity could require roughly 10–20 kW of continuous electrical power. Nuclear becomes extremely attractive because the reactor does two jobs: ⚛️ electricity for LEDs, pumps and ISRU 🔥 waste heat for the habitat Add aerogel insulation, optimized red/blue LED lighting, controlled photoperiods and metabolic dormancy modes, and the system becomes dramatically more resilient. The path to a living Mars may not begin with changing the planet. It may begin by building thousands of small artificial climates that Mars cannot chemically destroy. Not terraforming. Paraterraforming.

Bill Gates wants an international body to regulate AI. “It's not the role of the industry to self-regulate or understand the whole-of-society impact that comes out of AI … The depth of understanding of AI … is too low in every entity, including the government.” In his view, no single entity understands it well enough yet. Interested in AI? Follow @AiEvolutio58513 and never fall behind. I track ChatGPT, Claude, and every tool quietly changing how we work and create, then hand you the tested signals.

Elon Musk: "Last year we, in an effort to help the rest of industry and just sort of, be a good neighbor, we open-sourced all of our patents. So any company in China or elsewhere can use our patents to create electric vehicles."

Elon Musk believes the economy of the future could look almost unrecognizable compared with today.nitter.net/ElonClipsX/status/2045… He says continued technological progress could fundamentally change how civilization creates and distributes value. Musk describes today’s human economy as almost "cavemen-throwing-sticks-into-a-fire" by comparison.

Elon started Tesla with one mission: Make transportation sustainable.....and make electric cars so good that the rest of the world had no choice but to follow At the time, almost nobody wanted to do EVs and seriously bet on it Electric cars were seen as slow, boring, ugly and impractical Elon flipped that completely He made electric cars fast He made them desirable He made them fun He made people actually WANT one And once Tesla proved it could be done, every major automaker on Earth had to start taking electric seriously Elon literally dragged the entire auto industry into the electric future

Elon Musk believes having children can make people happier. He argues that the instinct to have kids is naturally rewarding and deeply meaningful. Musk notes that nothing can compare to the happiness that comes from raising children.

Elon Musk just explained the reality of global supply chains and trade in one powerful analogy “The reality is that China and the US have a tremendous number of interdependencies, where the US is depending on China for many things and China uses many things from the US as well Sometimes people in the US have asked me, what about sort of separating all trade from China? My analogy to that is that's like if you've got conjoined twins that almost share one body and you want to cut that. It's a very dangerous thing There's millions of supply chain dependencies between China, the US, and the rest of the world I hope for the future that things can be as prosperous as possible. And history has shown that trade leads to mutual prosperity I hope we can have as close to free trade with China as possible with the US. This is just a basic foundational element in economics. If you stop trade between two large countries, both countries are worse off The reason one has trade is because one country is making something that's better than what another country makes in some areas, and vice versa You exchange goods and services that are the strength of one country and the strength of a different country. And people were trading in caveman times. It's like, it just that makes things better”

A Captivating Pair of Stars in the Orion Nebula The luminous V372 Orionis commands attention. As an Orion Variable, its brightness changes irregularly over time. (Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Bally, M. Robberto)

POV: You’re driving across the Moon. 🌕🌍 No roads.💕

A Galactic Gem in the Milky Way... This stunning view highlights Terzan 9, a dense globular cluster located in Sagittarius, close to the Milky Way’s vibrant centre. (Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Cohen)

Mars won’t be terraformed first by brute force. It will be bootstrapped by biology. That is why ecopoiesis matters: microbes are self-replicating factories that run on local sunlight, CO₂, water, and regolith at near-zero marginal cost. But Mars has a catch. The same liquid water biology needs also activates the basalt trap. Water + basalt + CO₂ drives inorganic carbonation, locking carbon back into rock and pushing the atmosphere toward collapse. So the viable path is not open-air global terraforming. It is paraterraforming: • sealed ecopoiesis test beds • localized biodomes • engineered extremophiles • silica aerogels + bioplastic habitats • closed-loop life support built from local resources In other words, microbes are still the leverage point, just not as free-range terraformers. The real near-term architecture for Mars is biological bootstrapping inside protected, closed systems that can grow oxygen, biomass, and eventually habitable infrastructure from the inside out.

Sam Altman is warning the world about Sam Altman, and says we need to stop Sam Altman because Sam Altman can’t stop Sam Altman.

Zoom out far enough and every problem looks small

Elon Musk: "I derive joy from seeing people enjoy the products that my companies make." From PayPal to Tesla and SpaceX, Musk has spent decades building companies around ambitious ideas that once seemed impossible.

Grok 4.7 with our Build harness is a strong daily workhorse

Grok 4.7 doing real engineering work at Tesla

Sunrise at Starbase. Opportunistic full stack testing is planned ahead of Flight 14's launch, which is on track for Monday, Sept. 28, pending regulatory approval

Elon Musk: "It's (Neuralink) basically a communications bridge. You bridge communications from the motor cortex past the point in the neck or spine where the nerves are damaged It is possible from a physics standpoint to restore full body functionality. It's a very hard technical problem, but there is nothing that prevents it happening from a physics standpoint"