Science is only a tweet away. Tweets do not = endorsement: on.doi.gov/pgwu0Y

Reston, VA
USGS retweeted
From liftoff in California to first light over the Himalayas. 🚀🏔️ On Sept. 27, 2021, Landsat 9 launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base, beginning a new chapter in the Landsat mission of recording Earth’s changing land surfaces. Landsat 9’s sensors brought advanced technology to detect more subtle differences, especially over water and dense forests, and more accurate surface temperature measurements. Together, Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 provide complete global land coverage every eight days. That repeat coverage is what turns a single image into a story of change. On Oct. 31, 2021, its first day of data collection, Landsat 9 captured this sweeping view of the Himalayas. Five years and over 26,000 orbits later, the USGS-NASA mission continues to add about 750 new observations per day to a Landsat record more than half a century in the making. Over 1.3 million Landsat 9 products are available to download from the USGS data access portals. Happy fifth launch anniversary, Landsat 9! 🎉 🔗 Explore more of the Landsat 9 mission: ow.ly/1UJA50ZPM0m 📸1: Landsat 9 launches aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, on Sept. 27, 2021. Credit: NASA 📸2: Landsat 9 image showing Kathmandu, Nepal, (lower left) and the snow-covered Himalayas, glaciers, and glacial lakes across Nepal and China. Acquired Oct. 31, 2021. Credit: USGS #Landsat9 #EarthObservation #LandsatLegacy
4
26
3,870
It's World Water Monitoring Day. Celebrate by staying prepared! 🌍💧 World Water Monitoring Day is all about understanding and protecting our most vital resource. For USGS hydrotechs, that mission happens 365 days a year. Our dedicated teams are on the front lines, deploying sensors, measuring streamflow, and tracking water quality to keep communities safe. Monitoring our waterways isn't just for scientists, though. It's your best tool for emergency preparedness. Here’s how to stay prepared: 💧 Explore the National Water Dashboard: Check real-time streamflow, groundwater levels, and weather alerts on an interactive map. 💧 Subscribe to WaterAlert: Set up text or email alerts for rivers and creeks near you to get updates if water rises. 💧 Check water quality: Monitor local waterways to see how your watershed is doing. Knowledge is your best defense. This World Water Monitoring Day, be prepared. Track your local waterways, know your risk, and always follow local safety guidance. Explore USGS water monitoring tools - waterdata.usgs.gov 📷 1: USGS hydrologic technician reads measurements from a streamgage while sitting on a partially submerged park table in Zephyrhills, Florida in 2024 just days after Tropical Storm Debby struck Florida's Gulf Coast. Credit: Todd Dunkle, USGS. 📷 2: USGS hydrographer measuring streamflow using a handheld Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter in fast moving floodwater Cajon Creek near Keenbrook, California. Credit: USGS. 📷 3: USGS hydrologic technician takes a high flow measurement on Chartiers Creek in Carnegie, PA during flooding from remnants of Hurricane Ida.  📷 4: A USGS crew measures high flow during flooding on the Maple River near Mapleton, North Dakota. The instrument being pulled across the water is an acoustic Doppler current profiler, which is used to measure streamflow. Credit: USGS. #StayPrepared #NationalPreparednessMonth #WorldWaterMonitoringDay
2
26
2,607
Kīlauea Update 🌋 

New vents that opened in Halemaʻumaʻu at Kīlauea’s summit on September 14-15 continued to erupt lava flows today, September 16. This activity is occurring within the summit caldera in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. 
 
The vents are on or near the northwest wall of Halemaʻumaʻu crater, just north of the existing vent complex that has been erupting lava fountains episodically since December 2024. Here’s a summary of observations from the USGS monitoring overflight this morning: 
 
🔸 Lava continued to erupt from at least one of the five new vents, feeding lava flows on the crater floor
🔸 Spattering at the north vent continues to add to the cone that surrounds it, which is about 30-feet-high, with a 12-foot-wide opening 
🔸 Spatter was also visible in the south and west vents
 
For more than a week, small lava flows and spatter bursts have continued—the longest stretch of low-level activity in this eruption since it began in December 2024.
 
Ground deformation patterns and earthquake activity indicate that the summit region of Kīlauea remains pressurized. This low-level eruptive activity could continue or additional changes could occur. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists continue to closely monitor Kīlauea and will issue additional notices as needed. All current activity is confined to the summit region of Kīlauea within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.  
 
📹: Video compilation shows eruptive activity during a USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitoring flight the morning of September 16, 2026. 
 
#Kilauea #Eruption #Lava
7
84
496
22,069
Preparedness starts with good information. Before, during and after natural hazards, emergency managers need reliable information to understand what’s happening and make informed decisions. USGS scientists collect, monitor, and analyze data on hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanoes. We provide that science and data to emergency managers and other partners to help them prepare for and respond to hazards and their potential impacts on communities. 📷 1: Following the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in California, USGS scientists worked with partners to document fault ruptures at the Earth’s surface. Here, USGS research geologist Belle Philibosian measures a fault offset in the Ridgecrest area. Credit: Katherine Kendrick, USGS 📷 2: In June 2023, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists monitored the ongoing Kīlauea summit eruption from an area of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park closed to the public for safety. Credit: USGS 📷 3: In October 2017, USGS scientists used a drone to capture photos and video of the Mud Creek landslide along California’s Big Sur coast. Credit: Shawn Harrison, USGS 📷 4: On October 7, 2024, USGS hydrologic technician Julie Hobbs installed a wave sensor near Venice, Florida, ahead of Hurricane Milton’s projected landfall along Florida’s Gulf Coast. Credit: Sean Townsend, USGS #NationalPreparednessMonth
2
12
59
12,377
New USGS-Funded Science Will Support Landslide Public Safety and Disaster Preparedness Nationwide. Learn more: usgs.gov/news/state-news-rel…
4
12
64
13,139
Why do scientists put bands on birds? KD1 gives us a chance to explain. 🦅 If you’ve been following the Big Bear Lake, California bald eagle family, you may have noticed a new eagle at the nest. KD1 (Kaydee) has recently been seen in the nest with Shadow following the loss of Jackie. The band on KD1’s leg is more than an identification tag. It connects this eagle to the USGS’s Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL), which maintains more than 100 years of bird banding and encounter data. The BBL manages more than 7,700 federal bird banding and marking permits and distributes more than 1 million bird bands each year. These data help scientists study bird movements, survival and populations. Bald eagles are a powerful example of why this long-term science matters. Once severely threatened by contaminants such as DDT, their populations have made an extraordinary comeback. From one banded eagle to more than a century of data, every observation helps tell the story. Learn more about why we band birds: ow.ly/Mhfr50ZLyCw 📷: Image courtesy of Friends of Big Bear Valley
3
15
121
12,461
Wildlife comes in all shapes, sizes and…gymnastic abilities. 🤸‍♂️ For National Wildlife Day, we're highlighting this rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) from the Pacific Northwest. Rough-skinned newts are known for their bright orange bellies and their ability to produce a powerful toxin that helps protect them from predators. They also have some unusual behaviors, including this defensive posture known as an “unkenreflex.” We're not sure what this move is called in the gymnastics world, but we're impressed! From amphibians to mammals, wildlife has evolved a wide range of adaptations and behaviors that help animals survive in their environments. USGS science is used by managers, policy makers, and others for decisions that conserve and enhance healthy fish and wildlife populations across the U.S. Learn more about the USGS Species Management Research Program: ow.ly/LCWs50ZJy0f 📸: Rough-skinned newt in defensive posture, EPA ponds, Corvallis, OR. Credit: Brome McCreary, USGS #NationalWildlifeDay
17
216
1,798
108,619
🚨 An updated view of the Nation’s geology is now available! The USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program has expanded the Cooperative National Geologic Map to include Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. territories. The map brings together decades of geologic mapping by state and federal surveys into an integrated, standardized view of the Nation’s geology. It provides information about geologic features at and beneath the land surface and provides insights into: 🔹The age and composition of geologic units across regions 🔹The regional distribution of geologic materials, which inform decisions about natural resources and geologic hazards This expanded national view of our geology can help inform land-use decisions, infrastructure planning, natural resource management, and national security. The map interface is a product of the National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB), a Federal-State collaborative effort that brings standardized geologic information to the public. This Cooperative map is integrated with the overall NGMDB database, which gives users access to more detailed maps and information about the Nation’s geology. Learn more: ow.ly/3NcU50ZIXJL 📷: Portions of the updated map showing Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
5
21
95
14,030
Gold in the trash? Not quite. But some mine waste may hold valuable minerals we need today. 🪨 Many of these minerals are essential to modern technologies and are found alongside commodities like gold, zinc, and coal. Mineral production, however, requires moving a lot of rock to reach the minerals we want. “Mine wastes” are the minerals and other materials left behind after the targeted minerals have been mined, processed, and refined. Could mine waste, whether from legacy sites or current mining operations, become a new source of critical minerals and provide a way to help strengthen domestic mineral supply chains? USGS scientists study mine wastes to: ⛏️Understand their potential as a source of critical minerals and other commodities ⛏️ Inform reclamation of mine lands ⛏️ Improve current and future mining operations It’s part of a broader effort to strengthen domestic mineral supply chains and better understand the resources already present across the U.S. 🔗 Learn more: ow.ly/CpcQ50ZIutP 📹 Video Description: The video shows historical and modern mining scenes, with aerial views of abandoned mine lands, scientists collecting samples in the field and in the lab, and close-ups of rocks and minerals. On-screen text and narration explain how USGS studies mine waste to identify valuable critical minerals.
1
6
40
10,993
USGS and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln have released Nebraska’s first-ever statewide map of surface geology, revealing the wind-blown sand, silt and other sediments covering more than 75% of the state. The map supports aquifer, habitat, resource and geohazard research. 🔗ow.ly/OH7x50ZGKR3
12
72
604
38,790
A year at Zion National Park, one frame at a time. 🏞️ This time-lapse captures the North Fork Virgin River with Zion’s iconic Watchman formation in the background, showing how the river and surrounding landscape change over the seasons. USGS Hydrologic Imagery Visualization and Information System (HIVIS) cameras at this and other water monitoring sites across the country help the USGS remotely track current conditions, identify technical issues, verify remote measurements, and provide a visual record of conditions. Want to see the latest view of the river? Check out the camera 👉 apps.usgs.gov/hivis/camera/U… #NationalParkWeek
9
37
224
28,086
What do mountain goats, a streamgage, and DNA have in common? They are all part of how USGS science supports Grand Teton National Park’s wildlife, waters, and visitors. 📷 1: Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Credit: NPS 📷 2: Though iconic in the West, mountain goats are not native to Grand Teton, and their growing numbers raise concerns about competition with native bighorn sheep. USGS scientists use genetic sampling and movement modeling to track their origins and population changes, helping park managers make informed decisions about goat management. Credit: NPS 📷 3: Below the surface of Jackson Lake, a different kind of threat is being monitored. Autonomous environmental DNA samplers are helping detect invasive quagga mussels (pictured) before they can take hold. These tiny mussels can clog water infrastructure and disrupt entire food webs, making early detection important for protecting the lake’s ecosystem. Credit: USGS 📷 4: At the outlet of Jackson Lake Dam, a USGS streamgage (13011000 Snake River near Moran, WY; pictured) has been recording flow data since 1904, making it one of the oldest streamgages in Wyoming. More than a century later, this station is still providing critical, near real time data used to manage irrigation, protect fisheries, and support recreation throughout the region. Credit: USGS #NationalParkWeek
16
16
95
18,740
What secrets lie within Olympic National Park’s forests, lakes, and skies? From tracking bats to uncovering ancient earthquakes, USGS scientists are working with the National Park Service to reveal how Olympic’s natural systems change, connect, and respond to emerging challenges. 📷 1: Lunch Lake, Olympic National Park (NP), Washington. Credit: Robin Munshaw 📷 2: Radio antennae, Olympic NP. USGS scientists are using radio nanotags and acoustic monitoring to track bats. The data can help scientists understand winter activity and how white-nose syndrome may affect western bat populations. Olympic NP is an important place to study the disease because western bats may use different winter habitats and hibernation behaviors than bats elsewhere. Credit: USGS 📷 3: Beneath Ozette Lake is a 14,000-year archive of earthquakes. Sediment layers in this glacially carved lake, near the Cascadia Subduction Zone, can preserve evidence of past shaking. USGS scientists map the lake and collect sediment cores (pictured) to investigate earthquake history and improve understanding of Pacific Northwest seismic hazards. Credit: USGS 📷 4: For decades, fish were introduced into naturally fishless mountain lakes across the Olympic Peninsula for recreational fishing, a practice that can affect native amphibian populations and alter lake ecosystems. USGS scientists sampled 117 remote mountain lakes using environmental DNA, a method that detects genetic material left behind in water. This noninvasive approach helps scientists map the distribution of introduced and native species, like the Cascade frog pictured, across Olympic’s rugged wilderness lakes. Credit: Maureen Ryan #NationalParkWeek
1
10
62
15,095
Every national park has a story written in rock, water, and wildlife. USGS scientists are helping tell it. Across many parks, USGS scientists study changing ecosystems, wildlife, water, and natural hazards. From tracking contaminants in aquatic food webs to monitoring glaciers, mapping river change, and studying how plants and animals adapt to changing conditions, this work helps us better understand these places and provides science and data to help park managers make informed decisions. Swipe through for a look at some of the USGS science happening in parks across the country and follow along this week as we highlight more USGS science in our national parks. 📷 1: USGS and NPS staff collecting data, Canyonlands National Park, Utah. For over 30 years, the USGS has been working with the NPS in Canyonlands to monitor plant cover and diversity, soils, and biological soil crusts – the thin layer of tiny organisms on the surface of desert soils – to see how the dryland ecosystem is responding to changing conditions and past grazing. 📷 2: Dry coastal habitat at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi. USGS researchers compared imagery from the early 2000s to 2022 and found widespread coral loss at reefs, due to repeated bleaching and other stressors, within and adjacent to national parks along the Kona Coast of Hawaiʻi’s Big Island. 📷 3: Bison, Badlands National Park, South Dakota. The USGS partnered with 4 national parks across the northern Great Plains to apply scenario planning—a structured process that considers key resources, uncertainties, and multiple plausible climate futures—to evaluate management options. 📷 4: Fall foliage, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. USGS scientists worked with managers at four national parks in the eastern U.S. on a structured decision-making process to navigate the complex management of threats to brook trout and other coldwater species and ecosystems. Credit: Used with permission from David Fisher. #NationalParkWeek
2
6
38
13,299
Your phone started as rocks. So did your laptop, your car battery, and the jumbotron displaying your favorite team’s score. Before any of that technology existed, the raw materials inside it (minerals!) had to be found and understood. Minerals are naturally occurring substances with specific chemical compositions and crystal structures. They form through the Earth’s natural processes and are the building blocks of the rocks beneath our feet. Some minerals are especially important to modern life and the technologies we rely on every day, many of which are critical minerals. Critical minerals are both essential to the Nation’s economy or national security AND have supply chains that are vulnerable to disruptions, such as changes in trade, natural disasters, or global instability. The USGS leads the U.S. government in developing the List of Critical Minerals. USGS scientists study how and where these minerals form, and collect and analyze data on global production, demand, trade, and recycling to identify risks to mineral supply chains that sometimes span the globe. The USGS also delivers essential science to inform questions like: 🪨Where might undiscovered resources be, and how much? 🪨Is there critical mineral potential in waste materials left over from mining? 🪨How do critical minerals move through air, water, and soil? From rock to resource, USGS science helps decision makers, industries, and the public better understand the materials that power our world. To learn more about USGS critical minerals science, visit ow.ly/b2Up50ZCHck 📷 1: Critical Minerals. Clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium. Credit: USDA 📷 2: More than half of all components in a mobile device are made from mined and semi-processed materials. 📷 3: Critical minerals and other metals are vital components of dental implants and other medical devices. 📷 4: Landsat 9, jointly operated by the USGS and NASA, collects images of the Earth’s land surface. Credit: NASA
7
28
84
13,945
What’s the difference between a rock and a mineral? 🪨 We’ve all picked up an interesting rock at some point, but what looks like a single rock may be made up of several different minerals. Think of minerals as the pieces, and rocks as the puzzle they make. A mineral is a naturally occurring, non-living, solid substance with its own unique chemical makeup and structure. Common minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, olivine, and calcite. A rock, on the other hand, is a mix of one or more minerals bound together. Granite, basalt, limestone, and sandstone are all rocks made up of different mineral combinations. USGS scientists study the mineral content of rocks and map them across the U.S. to understand where valuable mineral deposits might be found, information that helps meet the needs of modern manufacturing, technology, and energy production. Our scientists also study how rocks form and change over time, piecing together the story of our planet's 4.5-billion-year history. Discover more about the rocks and minerals that shape our world and how USGS studies them at ow.ly/iKA550ZzxSA 📸1: Vertical columns of basaltic volcanic rock, like those at Devils Postpile National Monument in California, are formed when think lava flows slowly cool. 📸2: A sample of azurite, the blue mineral, and malachite, the green mineral from Milpillas Mine, Mexico. Both azurite and malachite are copper minerals that were once used as pigments. They serve as good indicators of copper deposits that can be developed. 📸3: Silicon Carbide’s primary commodity is silica, an abrasive. Just as their name implies, abrasives are used to abrade, clean, etch, grind, polish, scour, or otherwise remove material. 📸4: A fluorite mineral set in surrounding rock. Flourspar, the processed form of fluorite, is used directly or indirectly to manufacture products such as aluminum, gasoline, insulating foams, refrigerants, steel, and uranium fuel. Credit: USGS #GeologyRocks #RocksAndMinerals #CriticalMinerals
6
33
136
20,206
The Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative is a partnership between Geoscience Australia, the Geological Survey of Canada, and the USGS.
New global mineral chemistry data is available through the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative. Around 13,000 new data points will help researchers, governments and industry better understand critical mineral occurrence and future supply. Explore now 👉 bit.ly/4wr3NIT
4
14
44
21,125
Some maps help you find your way. Others help you see the world differently. 🗺️🎨 Our 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) captures the shape of the land through high-resolution elevation data. Through our 3DEP as Art series, we transform these scientific datasets into visual representations of elevation, revealing the ridges, valleys, and slopes that shape the terrain. Created from bare-earth elevation data, these maps remove vegetation and structures to showcase the underlying terrain in a new way. This data supports a wide range of applications, including mapping, natural resource management, hazard assessment, scientific research, and informed decision-making. They demonstrate how science, technology, and creativity can come together to provide new ways to explore and understand our surroundings. Science provides the data. Art reveals the landscape. Download a free map of your state, Washington, DC, Puerto Rico, or the conterminous U.S. in a variety of sizes 👉ow.ly/qhOa50ZyFgC 📷1-2: 3DEP maps artfully cropped around interesting land and water features. Purples and reds represent higher elevation and yellows and greens represent lower elevation. 📷3: 3DEP map of the conterminous United States.
8
23
83
16,546
We’re here to make educators’ lives a little easier (and tastier). 🧁 As teachers head back to the classroom, the USGS has free resources for every grade level to help bring the earth sciences to life. From lesson plans, activities, and maps for elementary and high school students to coloring pages and word puzzles for younger learners, these activities will help students visualize complex processes and provide a memorable learning experience. Who says learning science can’t be fun? 🔗 Explore the lesson plans and activities. ow.ly/cv5j50ZvVKa #TeacherResources #ScienceEducation #STEMactivities
4
24
44
19,371