Two recent reports. One urgent question for Uganda’s HIV response: 𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗻?
On 7 August 2026, New Vision reported findings indicating a disproportionately high burden of HIV and other STIs among sex workers across several Ugandan cities, with Mbarara recording the highest HIV prevalence among surveyed sex workers at 42%, alongside syphilis and HPV.
On August 24, 2026, the Daily Monitor reported findings that Kampala is recording about 200 new HIV infections every week, and the study also highlighted significant infections among young people.
Taken together, these findings should concern all of us.
But they should do more than generate alarming headlines. They should prompt serious reflection on how HIV prevention is designed, financed, and delivered.
At Trans Youth Initiative-Uganda (TYI-Uganda), our work with rural transgender women, transgender sex workers, and gender-diverse youth communities continually reminds us that HIV vulnerability cannot be reduced to individual behavior.
We must ask harder questions.
𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝗛𝗜𝗩 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁?
𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝘂𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲? 𝗜𝘀 𝗣𝗿𝗘𝗣 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝘁? 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗣𝗘𝗣 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲? 𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝗛𝗜𝗩 𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳-𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗧𝗜 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲? 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲, 𝘀𝗲𝘅 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲, 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗮𝗳𝗲𝗹𝘆, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗺𝗮 𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻?
Criminalization, violence, poverty, stigma, and exclusion from health services continue to shape HIV vulnerability. We cannot ask communities to take responsibility for prevention while leaving these structural barriers intact.
These findings therefore raise an important financing and implementation question for governments, donors, implementing partners, and community-led organizations:
𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝘄𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆-𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗛𝗜𝗩 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗱?
Uganda already has effective prevention and treatment tools: condoms and lubricants, PrEP, PEP, HIV testing and self-testing, and ART and viral suppression. There is currently no approved HIV vaccine, despite misinformation circulating online.
What we need is sustained investment to ensure that these proven tools reach people, alongside comprehensive sexuality education, integrated STI services, and health systems that respect everyone's dignity and rights.
This also means adequately financing community-led organizations that are already reaching populations that conventional health systems may struggle to reach.
As HIV financing becomes increasingly constrained, these questions become even more important. Limited resources must not result in communities most vulnerable receiving less prevention. They should compel us to invest more strategically, more equitably, and according to the evidence.
The data is giving us a clear signal.
The question for Uganda’s HIV response is whether our policies, programs, and investments will follow the evidence.
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