EUROPEAN MEN USED TO BE DIFFERENT.
1866. Italy is at war with Austria.
Giuseppe Barbanti Brodano hears that Garibaldi is gathering volunteers. His brothers have already enlisted, and Giuseppe makes his decision too. He is going with them.
There is only one problem: the police stop him. They order him to turn around and go home and specifically forbid him from joining the war.
Not because he was sick, because he was afraid, or because they thought he couldn’t fight.
BECAUSE HE WAS 13 YEARS OLD.
He was so determined to fight Austria with Garibaldi that the police literally had to prevent him from going to war.
So Giuseppe went home and decided to enroll at university to become a lawyer and grew into a brilliant young man, but with a temper that did not allow insults to go unanswered. By the age of 20, he had already fought six duels.
He survived every one of them.
And then, ten years later, life gave him something much bigger to fight for.
1875. An uprising erupts in Herzegovina against the Jihadist Ottoman Empire, the same uprising around which so many stories in this series are centered. Italian Garibaldians cross the Adriatic Sea and join the insurgents, while volunteers from across Europe begin turning their attention toward Serbia.
Giuseppe is now 23 years old.
This time, nobody is sending him home.
But before he leaves, he wants something first: Garibaldi’s blessing.
Garibaldi encouraged the volunteers and described their struggle as the HOLY CRUSADE !
For Giuseppe, there was no longer much to think about.
His own words captured exactly how he felt:
“It is my place to go. I could not miss the appointment that liberty has given us there.”
This was not his country. Nobody had drafted him. Nobody in Serbia even knew his name.
He went because, in his mind, that was where a man who believed in freedom was supposed to be.
And when Giuseppe finally reached Belgrade, he realized he was far from the only European who thought that way.
The city was filled with volunteers and European flags. They were joined by men from all over Europe. In his own unit alone, ten different languages were spoken: Belgians, Frenchmen, Germans, Czechs, and even a Norwegian from distant Christiania(Oslo).
For a moment, it must have looked less like small Serbia preparing to fight an empire and more like a small Europe in arms.
Different languages.Different flags. One cross. One front.
Giuseppe put on a Serbian military uniform, kept the red Garibaldian scarf around his neck, took up a rifle and joined the Italian volunteers under Captain Celso Ceretti.
The romantic idea of war disappeared quickly.
There were Jihadist Turk and Albanian soldiers on the other side of the front. There was artillery, blood, wounded men and death.
Giuseppe fought.
The young lawyer who had once been sent home because he was too young to go to war was now fighting alongside Serbian soldiers.
And eventually, he was wounded.
Even that did not immediately send him back to Italy. Only after the fighting stopped and doctors advised him to leave because of his wounds did he finally return home.
But Serbia did not disappear from his life when he crossed back into Italy.
He wrote about what he had seen: Belgrade, the villages, the soldiers, the foreign volunteers, the Serbian people and the war on the Drina.
Serbia remembered him too.
In 1901, the Kingdom of Serbia awarded Giuseppe Barbanti Brodano the Medal for Military Virtues.
1908. Austrian empire annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, lands Serbs had spent decades fighting for. Serbia erupted in protests. Europe entered another crisis.
Giuseppe and his old commander Celso Ceretti again publicly supported Serbia.
Three decades had passed.
The loyalty had not.
It was not his country.
Nobody forced him to come or paid him to be there.
He came anyway.
🇷🇸🇮🇹 🫡
THE DEVIL HAD AN ARMY. THE MOUNTAINS HAD MIRKO ALEKSIĆ.
The man he swore to kill had once given him a blade.
Mirko kept both.
The blade.
And the promise.
Mirko Aleksić was born among the Serb Christian warriors living on one of the most violent frontiers of the Jihadist Ottoman Empire.
In 1820, he was chosen as a chieftain among the Drobnjak clan.
According to an old account, even the powerful Ottoman lord Smail-aga (Ismael Agha) recognized his position and gave Mirko a gift: a decorated blade.
Years passed. Smail-aga killed many notable Serbs, among them a brother of Prince-Bishop Petar II Petrović Njegoš and eight members of his family.
Mirko traveled to Cetinje and stood before Petar II. There, according to tradition, he made a promise: he would kill Smail-aga.
And Mirko was not a man who made promises lightly.
1840.
Smail-aga rode into Drobnjak to collect tribute, as we explained in the previous post. But this time, the mountains were waiting.
And Mirko Aleksić reached him.
The promise had been kept. The head was taken to Cetinje.
But his story had one more character.
His son...
--
His name was Ded-aga (Dervish-Agha) , and he hadn't forgotten what happened to his father. In 1847, he gathered his men and went into the mountains. He wasn't coming only to collect tribute. He was coming for revenge, and one of his targets was a fortified house belonging to the Aleksić family.
The people knew they were coming. One of the men said:
“If we all die here today, raise our kids to fight the Turks. If they are anything like us, our kids will avenge us.”
The women and children were moved away and the livestock driven to safety. Inside the house, however, 16 defenders remained. They loaded their guns and waited in the darkness.
Ded-agas men approached and fired toward the house, but the defenders remained silent. Believing they could burn them out, the attackers carried straw and hay to the building and set it on fire.
Inside were 16 people who knew they could soon be burned alive.
Still they waited.
Then suddenly the wind changed... (!)
Instead of carrying the flames into the house, it drove the smoke and fire back toward the attackers. At that moment, 16 guns erupted from the darkness.
The men outside fell back, but Ded-aga drew his saber and drove them toward the house again. The defenders continued firing until they realized they were running dangerously low on gunpowder and lead.
They knew what would happen when the ammunition ran out.
They would open the doors, draw their blades and charge.
But one defender still had a shot.
His name was Jakov.
He aimed at Ded-aga and fired. The bullet went too low, missing his body but smashing into his saddle and weapons and bringing him down with his horse.
For a moment, the son who had come to avenge his father was lying beneath his horse while his own men retreated.
But the fighting wasn't finished.
There was another house.
---
Nearby, 12 more defenders were holding another fortified house. Among them was an Orthodox priest, Pop Mićo Trebješanin, who had been praying and waiting for reinforcements.
When he finally saw them coming, the priest grabbed his blade and went outside.
The defenders counterattacked, forcing Ded-agas men to retreat toward Mirkos house. By then, the 16 defenders there , realized that nobody was surrounding them anymore.
They opened the doors.
But they weren't escaping.
They joined the pursuit.
What had begun as an expedition to avenge Smail-aga had turned into a retreat through the mountains.
---
Ded-aga had come to avenge his father.
He failed.
Mirko would live for decades afterward, but the Aleksić story still wasn't over.
He had a son.
Jakov Aleksić.
He would carry the family's fighting tradition through another generation...
all the way to 1913.
But that's another story. 🫡