Introducing
FlyBrain-Pollard-CNSv1
A language model that remembers with a fruit fly's brain
Every transformer has the same problem. Its memory is a KV cache, and that cache grows with every token. Long conversations reach gigabytes. Hit the context limit and the beginning is not compressed or summarised — it is gone.
A fruit fly has about 190,000 neurons and no context window. It does not forget the start of a chase because the chase got long.
So we used one.
FlyBrain-Pollard-CNSv1 attaches a real fruit-fly connectome to a frozen language model as a continuous recurrent memory. The connectome is not a metaphor. It is MaleCNS v1.0 — the measured wiring of an adult male Drosophila central nervous system, released by FlyEM/Janelia with Google Research and the University of Cambridge: 188,778 neurons and 26,028,386 synaptic connections, with excitatory or inhibitory signs called for 88% of annotated neurons.
CNSv1 runs the fly's associative-memory core — mushroom body and central complex — pruned to the connections carrying 69.8% of its synaptic mass: 8,552 neurons, 300,880 synapses. One neural step per token. Continuously. No window of its own.
What it does
The model sees a 128-token attention window. The fly brain sees everything.
lossperplexity
128-token window, no memory1.77335.89
128-token window + fly brain1.62715.09
full attention over the whole document1.62325.07
The fly brain closes 97.4% of the gap. A model that can only attend to 128 tokens performs essentially identically to one attending to the entire document — and it was still improving when training stopped.
What it costs
+3.1% decode speed, inside run-to-run variance, while stepping 300,880 synapses every token.
0.03 MB of state — 8,552 floats. That number does not change. Not with sequence length, not with conversation length, not ever.
The part that matters most
The memory is a file. 35 KB.
Save it when a session ends. Load it when the next one begins. The model resumes mid-thought. There is no session boundary because there is no context window.
A 131k-token KV cache holding the same conversation is roughly 25.8 GB — 720,000× larger, and growing with every turn. You can email a fly brain's memory. You can version it, branch it, hand it to another machine.
huggingface.co/PollardWeight…