Do you love the taste of vanilla?
What you've been eating probably wasn't vanilla.
Vanilla beans supply only about 1% of the world's vanillin, the molecule that gives vanilla its taste. About 88% is made from petrochemicals, mostly guaiacol, and it sells for $10 to $20 a kilo.
Some comes from trees. Since 1962, the Norwegian company Borregaard has made vanillin from Norway spruce. It takes lignin, the polymer that makes wood rigid, out of its pulping waste and cooks it with oxygen under heat and pressure until vanillin splits off. No other company in the world makes vanillin from wood. In the US it ships as "artificial vanillin flavor."
Some is made by microbes. Syensqo takes ferulic acid from rice bran and lets microbes turn it into vanillin. Because it is fermented from a plant compound, FDA rules count it as a natural flavor.
Vanillin from the bean costs about $2,500 to $7,000 a kilo.