I'm not sure if a particular time and place is meant here, but the past is more complicated than that. If these claims are about medieval Europe, I need to add a little context:
Lots of people got an education, even the poor, even girls, just not the way we imagine it, for instance learning a trade while practicing it. But in the medieval low countries it was pretty common for boys & girls to also learn to read, tourists even mentioned how surprised they were about how much women read, how many books they owned and how they refused to keep their opinion to themselves. We Dutch women haven't changed much.
Medieval people, even common ones, travelled more than was long thought. People travelled for marriages, trade, fairs, markets, work and the always popular pilgrimages. If you committed a crime a very common punishment was forced pilgrimage, far, far away. Even if you stayed at home, strangers would come to you. The church was extremely strict about who you could marry, as you couldn't marry someone within 7 degrees of kinship and everyone in the families married into your family, which would things pretty tricky in a village.
It was also relatively common for both boys and girls to go live somewhere else to learn their trade, towns and cities were full of single young people.
Medieval houses weren't filthy, they were kept clean as much as possible, streets were also not filled with filth, medieval people believed in the miasma theory, this told them that bad air could literally kill them, they were terrified of bad smells. They washed, bathed, used soap, did laundry, cleaned houses, cleaned streets, rubbish was collected, etc. They had relatively easy access to clean water, there were wells, springs, conduits, fountains, etc. Clean water was even pumped into the cities. Medieval cities in some ways were cleaner than Roman and even Victorian cities.
Their clothes weren't rags and didn't stink, that only describes the absolute poorest of the poor, the slum dwellers, the homeless, just like today. For most people this wasn't reality. They fought lice, they had all sorts of products to fight them.
Food was of pretty decent quality, again there were strict laws, strict control and severe punishments for those who were responsible for bad ingredients. Like being forced to walk through the town with a sign, so all your customers could see you made a mess of things. Some of the food we eat today is quite unhealthy too. Come to think of it, we still have polluted water in many places.
About hygiene:
fakehistoryhunter.net/2025/1…
There was quite a bit of variety in food, more than many people realise:
fakehistoryhunter.net/2026/0…
Yes they did have famines sometimes and the poor didn't always have enough. There was a lot of charity but that couldn't always feed all the hungry mouths. Medieval people had relatively good teeth, they cleaned & brushed them, even used whitening products. Their diet also contained no/little refined sugar/starch/carbohydrates/tobacco/caffeine which was good for their teeth. They would not have lost most of their their teeth by the time they reached adulthood. Yes, poor farmers who couldn't afford to built a barn would share their roof with livestock but the animals were not in the actual living space, they were behind a division.
About that:
fakehistoryhunter.net/2025/1…
Glorifying and romanticising the past is a bit silly, but demonising and making it worse than it was is equally odd.