The Palazzo Medici Riccardi
The Palazzo Medici is a 15th century Renaissance palace in Florence, built for the Medici family who dominated the politics of the Republic of Florence from 1434 to 1737.
Cosimo de' Medici originally asked the architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 - 1446) to create a design for the new family palace in Florence in 1444. However, Cosimo rejected the proposal because he felt it was too grand and ostentatious, fearing it would invite jealousy and envy from his fellow citizens. That same year, Cosimo commissioned the architect Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (1396 - 1472) to build a more sober and understated palace. Michelozzo's completed design became a masterwork of early Renaissance civil architecture. His design featured a blocklike, three-story design with graduated rusticated masonry and a massive overhanging cornice. The ground floor uses heavy, roughly hewn (rusticated) stones to create a strong, fortress-like base. The masonry becomes progressively smoother and more refined on each higher story. Horizontal stringcourses separate the three distinct levels, emphasizing width over height. A bold, 10-foot-high classical overhanging cornice caps the roofline, replacing traditional medieval crenellations and unifying the building's scale.
The Republic of Florence seized the palace in 1494 after the Medici family was temporarily expelled. Duke Cosimo I moved the primary family residence to the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio) in 1540.
Marquis Gabriello Riccardi bought the palace in 1659 and doubled its length along Via Larga (now Via Cavour). The Tuscan state acquired the building in 1814, and today it serves as the seat of the Metropolitan City of Florence alongside its function as a museum.
The Palazzo Medici Riccardi is an important example of Renaissance architecture, it served as the first major private palace and set the architectural standard for civil residences across Europe.