On September 22, 1939, one of the most revealing and stark scenes of the invasion of Poland unfolded in Brest (Brześć). German forces, which had captured the city, formally handed it over to the advancing Red Army. German and Soviet troops then took part in a ceremonial military parade, reviewed by German General Heinz Guderian and Soviet commander Semyon Krivoshein. Photographs from that day remain a stark visual record of the cooperation between Germany and the Soviet Union during the destruction of the Polish state.
The parade was not an accidental meeting between two armies. Less than a month earlier, Germany and the Soviet Union had signed the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact, whose secret protocol divided much of Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Germany invaded Poland from the west on September 1; the Soviet Union invaded from the east on September 17. At Brest, the two invasions literally met. The transfer of the city and the presence of both armies together symbolized the partition of Poland that their governments had already agreed upon.
The image is especially powerful in retrospect. Within two years, Hitler and Stalin would become mortal enemies when Germany invaded the Soviet Union, but in September 1939 their regimes were cooperating in the dismantling of Poland. Behind the flags, tanks and marching soldiers lay the beginning of two brutal occupations. Poland had been attacked by two totalitarian powers, yet the Polish nation survived both…