3/Right now, 2026 still appears to sit between 2015 and 1997, but nothing unprecedented. The warming is more focused toward the eastern Pacific than it was in 2015, but it has not yet developed the pronounced eastern-Pacific structure that characterized 1997.
That distinction matters. As the warming shifts eastward, the atmosphere responds more directly over the warmest waters, strengthening the Bjerknes feedback. The deeper thermocline suppresses cold upwelling, allowing SSTs to warm further, which in turn reinforces the atmospheric response.
Whether the warming continues shifting eastward over the coming weeks will largely determine how strongly the atmosphere responds—and, with it, the magnitude of El Niño's impacts across North and South America and beyond.