In his book A Culture of Growth, Joel Mokyr describes how universities in early modern Europe were not the main centres of innovation. They were largely conservative organisations where scholars typically sought textual purity, not scientific truth. What made the Scientific Revolution possible was, in part, the availability of competing institutions and patrons that allowed bold innovators to develop and promote their ideas.

Sep 14, 2026 · 9:22 AM UTC

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Nice, checking it now. I am actually going to post today a Substack essay that seems related to your take.
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Replying to @page_eco
Keep meaning to read this. You'd recommend?
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Fantastic read. I am sure you’ll love it. Excellent insights about cultural evolution and the fascinating unpacking of the emergence of an open market for ideas in Europe.
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if I remember right, European universities were important in the intellectual development of statistician and economist William Petty 1623-1687), according to @mccormick_ted's biography. Maybe that's not early enough modern for you?
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Mokyr didn’t say that nothing happened in universities.
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Replying to @page_eco
Not sure that is correct. Just look at what happened in Scotland in the first 8 or 9 decades of the 18 century ... Cue Adam Smith and his many buddies ... (not just in econ) ...
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Hume was refused a position in Edinburgh for his unreligious views. And Smith kept his cards close to his chest on hot topics for a long time.
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Replying to @page_eco
The most revolutionary ideas of early modern europe (the reformation) came initially from the university
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Most of demonstrably false ideas that dominate the humanities and the social science in 2026 are three centuries old — ideas from 19th century Germany. At the core level total stasis.
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In a history of the Renaissance by Charles Johnson, he makes the same point. Humanist philosophy and revival of classical languages happened outside of the university and was pursued by independent scholars.
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Replying to @page_eco
That's because they weren't supposed to be 'centres of innovation'. The most important departments were law and theology, which are hardly innovative disciplines. The main goal was to train educated officials and clergymen (also, physicians).
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Replying to @page_eco
it went on into the 1960s until the student revolt. i was at Uni Heidelberg (1385 AD). it was a struggle between professors and students, with nearly daily walkouts, blockades, and armored riot police. we had professors who were members of the Nazi during the war.
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Replying to @page_eco
A brilliant book. I find A Culture of Growth's Ch.5 - Biases in Cultural Evolution on how a variety of biases (identified largely by Richerson & Boyd) influence the trajectory of cultural evolution particularly useful.
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Replying to @page_eco
Goldwater (somewhat) speaks of this.
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Plus ca change...
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Curious what is your “so what” for today both in Europe and the US? Should we be doing something different?
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This went well into the 1800s.
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🙏🙏🙏
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