To understand venture economics is to understand the concept of venture math.
For a VC fund to be considered good, it doesn't have to consistently return 1000x on every fund. However, a VC fund has to make individual investments with the assumption that they return 1000x.
The math is pretty simple. Suppose a VC company has a $100 million fund from which it deploys capital into startups. Also assume that the universe of investable companies consists of only 10 startups.
Now, say that a VC invests $10 million into each of those companies, deploying the entirety of the fund (usually, VCs keep some dry powder, but bare with me). By its nature, startups are a very risky investment. It is correct to assume that 90% of startups that you invest in will go to zero (some might become zombies, the math still checks out).
As a smart VC, you need to take this into account when you deploy. If you assume that 9 out of 10 startups you invest in will go to zero, then what assumption do you have to make about the one startup that doesn't go to zero? Lets see...
Well, as a bare minimum, you need to return $100 million to your limited partners. It's tempting to assume that you need a 10x return on that startup, however, after a typical 2% / 20% compensation structure (2% management fee, 20% carry), you actually need the startup to return roughly 12x return to break even.
To make LPs happy, you probably want to get the fund to return multiple Xs over its lifetime. Suppose that you want to return 5x over 10 years (the typical lifespan of a VC fund). Now our hypothetical winner has to return at least 75x on the initial investment. To keep some room for error, call it 100x.
See how even in a theoretical scenario, you need to expect 100x return from every startup you invest in as a VC. In the real world, you obviously need to scale these numbers even further to account for anything going wrong.
If you adopt this mentality when you raise capital, it would become easy to understand why VCs would be hesitant to deploy in a company with limited scale. A great business doesn't make a great investment in venture capital.
the most common mistake I've seen after seeing hundreds of startup pitches:
conflating a regular business with a startup
- a regular business is something that has customers and makes money, but is limited in scale. most small businesses or lifestyle type businesses fit this shape
- for example, if you're making 1M revenue yearly and then 1.1M the next year, and then 1M the next year etc, that's a nice business, but it's not yet a startup
- a startup is determined almost exclusively by growth rate and scale
- i.e you make $5, then $50, then $1,000, then 1M, then 10M, then 180M etc
- that is to say, just having a good idea and a useful product with revenue is not enough to be a startup and hence raise venture capital. it must have the vision of an explosive growth shape
- this is important because this is directly related to raising money. founders get upset when they get rejected despite having a good product or idea with some revenue, but the investor looks at the growth potential. they do not care about turning 1M into 1.5M, their economics require them to turn 10M into 1B
- and frankly, you do not want VC ownership in a small business because it will directly hurt your freedom and take rate
takeaway: before thinking of raising funds because you've seen others do it, ask if you're building a regular business or a startup
the way to tell is by the growth rate and scale