Security audits & Uptime Monitoring Tools for your websites, APIs, RPCs, LLMs and AI Agents. t.me/kenotak

We are pleased to announce the successful audit of Kaspa Finance and Kaspa Bridge´s HyperLane Smart Contract. rdauditors.com/audits/Kaspa%… #Kaspa #KaspaFinance #KaspaEVM #DeFi #KaspaBridge @KaspaFinance
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Replying to @gnosispay
@gnosispay has been exploited. This is related to a bug in the delay module infrastructure, which essentially sits between the the card and the safe wallet.
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The level of exploits in the Defi space is becoming a daily occurrence.
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Google Says Hacker Used Mythos-Like AI for Software Tool Exploit capable of bypassing multi-factor authentication.
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#Tether freezes more than $514M #USDT. This is due to the request of OFAC and U.S law enforcement based on illicit activity and sactions evasion.
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If this graph does not make you take security seriously as a Defi founder, I don´t know what will.
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Crypto winter has now unfortunately become DeFi Spring Exploit Season. Reach out to us get your protocols and OPSEC audited.
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❌Exploit @wasabi_protocol has been exploited to the tune of more than $5M. They had a single EOA which controlled upgradeable vaults, with no timelock nor multisig. The private key was compromised. @KookCapitalLLC #exploit #hack
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Hackers are getting more sophisticated and the level of exploits are becoming unprecedented. Warning to all protocols, conduct across the board OPSEC and audits, before it´s too late.
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The @KyberNetwork Exploiter has now laundered 2,900 $eth to #Tornadocash. The attacker Andean Medjedovic drained funds, amounting to $48.8M, from KyberSwap and Indexed Finance protocols from 2021 to 2023.
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There has been 10 notable protocols, which have been exploited in the last 7 days. Every project should now see security as a number 1 priority. Start taking action now.
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Another company freeze funds, this time Tether with $USDT, to the tune of $344 million. This was requested by the US law enforcement.
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Another day, another exploit, this time Volo Protocol, to the tune of $3.5M. It happened via their Sui-based vaults.
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The word ´decentralization´ does not exist if a group can just freeze funds.
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It´s very clear that the hacker could have moved the $70m worth of assets from the L2, if that was their intent. It´s more of a statement to show that these blockchains are exploitable.
The Arbitrum Security Council has taken emergency action to freeze the 30,766 ETH being held in the address on Arbitrum One that is connected to the KelpDAO exploit. The Security Council acted with input from law enforcement as to the exploiter’s identity, and, at all times, weighed its commitment to the security and integrity of the Arbitrum community without impacting any Arbitrum users or applications. After significant technical diligence and deliberation, the Security Council identified and executed a technical approach to move funds to safety without affecting any other chain state or Arbitrum users. As of April 20 11:26pm ET the funds have been successfully transferred to an intermediary frozen wallet. They are no longer accessible to the address that originally held the funds, and can only be moved by further action by Arbitrum governance, which will be coordinated with relevant parties.
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Increased outflow in Defi´s TVL, is the byproduct of fear from the ecosystem and lack of security from projects.
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The pace of DeFi exploits is unprecedented and remains a critical threat to the ecosystem. Is this being buoyed by advances in AI, quantum computer? Every project must as a start initiate an opsec audit. We can help.
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This is a good analysis of the KelpDAO exploit.
KelpDAO 2.92亿美元攻击事件 — 2026 最大 DeFi 黑客案全解 北京时间 2026 年 4 月 19 日凌晨,KelpDAO 的 rsETH 价格开始剧烈波动,Aave 的 WETH 利用率快速攀升至 100%。 几分钟后,ZachXBT 在 Telegram 公开预警:一场规模超 $280M 的 DeFi 黑客攻击正在发生。 这场攻击最终定格在 2.92亿美元,成为 2026 年迄今最大的 DeFi 被盗事件,超越了 18 天前刚刚发生的 Drift Protocol 事件(2.85亿美元)。 Humphrey 系统梳理了整个事件的攻击路径、传染链条与结构性教训,写成这篇复盘。 一、KelpDAO 是什么?先搞清楚背景 要理解这次攻击,Humphrey 认为必须先搞清楚 KelpDAO 的商业逻辑。 KelpDAO 是以太坊生态中的流动性质押协议(LRT),其核心产品是 rsETH。 简单说:用户把 ETH 存进来 → KelpDAO 通过 EigenLayer 进行再质押(Restaking)→ 用户获得额外收益 → 同时获得一张"收据",即 rsETH 代币。rsETH 可以在 DeFi 中流通、抵押、借贷,流动性远胜于被锁定的质押 ETH。 事发前,KelpDAO 管理的 ETH LRT TVL 超过 $10.7 亿,是 EigenLayer 生态中规模第二大的参与者。 rsETH 总流通量约 63 万枚,部署在以太坊主网以及包括 Arbitrum、Base、Linea、Blast、Scroll、Mantle 在内的超过 20 条链上。 这种跨链部署,依赖的是 LayerZero 的 OFT(Omnichain Fungible Token)桥——正是这个桥,成为了攻击者的突破口。 二、攻击时间线:46 分钟内发生的一切 Humphrey 把整个事件还原如下: 🕐 攻击前数小时:Tornado Cash 洗钱预热 攻击者在正式出手前数小时,已通过 Tornado Cash 的 1-ETH 混币池,将资金分散注入多个攻击者钱包。这是链上黑客的标准前置操作——掩盖资金来源,让链上溯源更难。 Humphrey 注意到,这个操作本身说明:这是一次有预谋、有计划、精心准备的攻击,而非随机发现漏洞后的即兴行为。 🕔 17:35 UTC:关键一击 攻击者关联钱包向 LayerZero 的 EndpointV2 合约发起调用,触发的函数是 lzReceive。 LayerZero 的跨链消息机制是这样工作的: 当一条链上的用户或合约发出跨链指令,LayerZero 网络负责将这条消息"验证"后传递给目标链上的接收合约。接收合约调用 lzReceive 来处理消息,并执行相应动作。 攻击者所做的,是伪造了一条看似合法的跨链消息——欺骗 LayerZero 的消息验证层,让它相信这条指令来自另一条网络上的合法发送方。 这条伪造消息随即触发了 KelpDAO 的桥合约,指令它将储备金释放给攻击者。 结果:116,500 枚 rsETH,价值约 $292M,被转移至攻击者控制的地址。 🕔 17:35–18:21 UTC:第二阶段——Aave 借贷套现 盗走 rsETH 之后,攻击者没有直接跑路,而是开始了更聪明的第二步操作——把已经失去实际支撑的 rsETH 当作抵押品,存入 Aave V3、Compound V3 和 Euler,借出真实的 WETH。 这一操作的逻辑非常犀利: 1)rsETH 在被盗前是有价值的,Aave 等协议的预言机仍在按正常价格报价; 2)攻击者抢在协议反应之前,完成了"虚假资产 → 真实资产"的转换; 3)借出的 WETH 是真实可用的资产,而作为抵押品的 rsETH 已经是空壳。 PeckShield 监测显示,攻击者在 Aave V3、Compound V3 和 Euler 三个协议累计借出超过 $236M 的 WETH,随后迅速通过 Tornado Cash 清洗转移。 🕕 18:21 UTC:Kelp 紧急暂停,但已晚了 46 分钟 KelpDAO 的紧急暂停多签在 18:21 UTC 冻结了协议核心合约,距离最初的盗款发生,已过去 46 分钟。在此期间,两次追加的"第二波攻击尝试"(18:26 UTC 和 18:28 UTC,各试图再盗走约 $100M 的 40,000 rsETH)均因合约暂停而被 revert。 46 分钟,就是 Aave 坏账从零积累到约 $177M 的时间窗口。 需要特别说明的是:$292M 和 $177M 是两个不同层面的损失,并不重复计算。 - $292M 是攻击者从 KelpDAO 桥直接盗走的 rsETH 市值,属于 KelpDAO 协议层面的资产损失; - $177M 是攻击者随后将这些无实际支撑的 rsETH 存入 Aave 进行抵押借贷后,给 Aave 协议留下的坏账规模。 前者是"盗了多少",后者是"二次利用之后在 Aave 留下了多少烂账"——整个事件的总损害是两者叠加的结果。 🕘 20:10 UTC:KelpDAO 官方发声 KelpDAO 在 X 上发布声明:"Today we identified suspicious cross-chain activity involving rsETH. We have paused rsETH contracts across mainnet and several L2s. We are working with LayerZero, Unichain, our auditors and top security experts on RCA." 措辞克制,信息极简,"root cause analysis(根因分析)"还在进行中。 三、Aave 的坏账危机:为什么这不只是 KelpDAO 的问题 Humphrey 认为,这次事件真正让整个 DeFi 社区紧张的,不是 KelpDAO 本身的损失,而是它传染到 Aave 的方式。 攻击者用无实际支撑的 rsETH 借走了 WETH,这些借贷头寸现在处于一个尴尬的状态: 抵押品(rsETH)已经失去支撑 → 没有人会来还款 → 无法通过正常清算机制回收 → Aave 的 WETH 池背负坏账 Solidity 开发者 & 审计员 0xQuit 在 X 上发出警告:Aave 的 WETH 池已实际受损,部分提款可能需要等到 Aave 的 Umbrella 安全模块介入才能处理。 Aave 的连锁反应: AAVE 多签紧急冻结 Aave V3 和 V4 上的全部 rsETH 市场 WETH 利用率飙至 100%,触发大规模鲸鱼撤资。 Aave 创始人 Stani Kulechov 公开声明:"Aave 合约本身没有被攻破,问题源自 rsETH。" AAVE 代币在数小时内下跌 10%–13% 预估坏账规模:约 $177,000,000 四、20+ 条链上的 rsETH 持有者:谁是最脆弱的一环? 这次攻击还有一个容易被忽略的维度:L2 上的 rsETH 持有者现在面临什么? KelpDAO 桥的设计是: 以太坊主网的 rsETH 储备,作为各 L2 上"wrapped rsETH"的实际支撑。被盗的 116,500 rsETH,恰恰是这个储备池的一部分。 这意味着:Arbitrum、Base、Scroll 等链上持有 wrapped rsETH 的用户,其代币现在对应的底层资产是否完整,存在高度不确定性。 更糟糕的是,一旦 L2 持有者开始恐慌性赎回,这种赎回压力会传导到主网,可能迫使 KelpDAO 不得不解除 EigenLayer 上的质押仓位来应对提款——而这个解锁过程本身需要时间,形成流动性缺口。 五、Humphrey 的四个核心判断 梳理完整个事件,Humphrey 认为有四个判断值得记住: ① 跨链桥是 DeFi 架构中最高风险的单点 LayerZero OFT 桥的消息验证层被成功欺骗,说明跨链消息的"合法性确认"机制存在根本性漏洞。 一个跨链桥的设计缺陷,可以直接清空整个多链生态的储备金。在 Layer0 层面的安全性没有被系统性验证之前,所有依赖跨链桥管理储备的协议都面临类似风险。 ② DeFi 可组合性让攻击收益最大化 rsETH 同时被 Aave、Compound、Euler 等多个协议接受为抵押品,这原本是对用户友好的设计——一个代币,多处生息。但在攻击者眼中,这是一个完美的"变现通道":用无价值的虚假资产,在多个协议同时套取真实资产。 Humphrey 认为,DeFi 乐高积木的风险,在于每一块积木都假设其他积木是稳固的——一旦有一块失效,整栋建筑的应力都会重新分配。 ③ LRT 作为抵押品的风险参数需要全面重审 流动性质押代币(LRT)之所以被各大借贷协议接受为抵押品,有两个核心假设: 1)代币始终有实际底层资产支撑; 2)以及这种支撑关系可以被验证。 KelpDAO 事件打破了第一个假设——储备金可以被一次跨链攻击瞬间清空,而协议的抵押品价值认定完全没有追上这个速度。 这之后,所有接受 LRT 作为抵押品的协议,都将不得不重新审视他们的风险参数设计。 ④ 46 分钟:自动化风控缺位的代价 从攻击发生到 KelpDAO 暂停合约,中间有 46 分钟的空窗期。在这 46 分钟里,坏账已经在 Aave 上成型,无法追回。依赖人工多签做紧急响应,在链上攻击的时间尺度下是远远不够的。 Humphrey 认为,DeFi 协议需要的不是更快的多签,而是链上自动化的风险隔离熔断机制——当某个资产的跨链储备异常波动时,自动暂停相关借贷市场,而非等待人工发现并反应。 六、这次事件的历史位置 2026 年是 DeFi 安全事件的异常密集年。Humphrey 近期亲自复盘过其中的几个重点案例,梳理如下: ① 4 月 1 日|Drift Protocol($285M)Solana 系的头部永续合约协议,在 12 分钟内被盗约 $285M。事后链上溯源将攻击归因于朝鲜关联黑客组织。攻击路径是针对管理员权限的定向突破,与 KelpDAO 的桥漏洞方向完全不同。 ② 4 月初|Rhea Finance。Humphrey 此前专门做过 Rhea Finance 攻击事件的分析。 这是一起典型的价格预言机操纵攻击——攻击者通过闪电贷操控特定代币价格,在预言机报价失真的瞬间完成高额借贷并提款,随后让价格回归,抵押品价值瞬间缩水留下坏账。Rhea Finance 的案例代表了一类在中小型借贷协议中高频复现的攻击模式,预言机的数据源设计和防闪电贷保护是关键防线。 ③ 4 月 18 日|KelpDAO($292M)本次事件,跨链消息伪造路径,目前 2026 年最大 DeFi 被盗案。 ④ 散布期间:CoW Swap、Zerion、Silo Finance 等十余起规模更小的攻击,方式不一,均在同一时间窗口内集中爆发。 Humphrey 认为,把这些案例并排来看,可以得出一个不舒服但重要的结论: 2026 年 DeFi 面对的攻击者,在技术层面的多样性和精准性都在快速提升——从管理员漏洞(Drift)到预言机操纵(Rhea)再到跨链消息伪造(KelpDAO),三条完全不同的攻击路径在同一个月内轮番登场。 这不是一两个黑客组织的机会主义行为,背后反映的是整个生态安全基础设施跟不上协议扩张速度的结构性问题。 资产安全永远是第一位的。 KelpDAO 事件还在进展中。根因分析(RCA)尚未公开,2.92亿 中能否追回任何资金尚不明朗——鉴于 Tornado Cash 已经被用于清洗资金,追回概率不乐观。 Humphrey 的建议很简单: 如果你持有 rsETH,无论是在主网还是 L2,目前是高度不确定的状态,建议密切关注 KelpDAO 官方公告,不要在信息不完整时做出非理性的恐慌性操作,但也不要假设风险会自动消散。 如果你在 Aave 有 WETH 敞口,关注 Umbrella 安全模块的后续进展,以及 Aave 治理对坏账处置方案的讨论。 DeFi 的底层逻辑没有变——代码是规则,规则可以被利用。我们能做的,是在每一次大事件之后,比之前更清楚地理解我们承担的风险是什么。
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Great that you´re shedding light on these recent attacks as this would push other web3 projects to follow suit. Your security practices should also comprise of frontend integrity protection, monitoring detection and domain security hardening.
In light of recent DNS attacks, it is clear how important it is to invest in application and ICT security. Web2 security is often easily overlooked in DeFi, and this is an area where much more attention is needed. Serious DeFi projects should aim to establish application security teams, appoint CISOs, and meet SOC 2 standards and beyond. At Aave Labs, we recognized the expansion of this attack surface and have been investing in application security over the past few years.
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CoW Swap has experienced a DNS malicious attack. Please make sure you revoke approvals. @CoWSwap @RevokeCash
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This is another example of growing concerns with respect to recruitment procedures and security practices, implemented by companies in web3. If these processes are not revamped and tightened, breaches and hacks will continue to occur. This is not a false alarm, take action now!
Kraken Security Update We are currently being extorted by a criminal group threatening to release videos of our internal systems with client data shown if we do not comply with their demands. It’s important to start with the most important points: our systems were never breached; funds were never at risk; we will not pay these criminals; we will not ever negotiate with bad actors. Kraken identified and shut down two instances of inappropriate access to limited client support data. In February 2025, we received a tip from a trusted source regarding a video shared on a criminal forum that appeared to show access to our client support systems. We immediately launched an investigation and quickly identified the individual involved as a member of our support team. Their access was revoked immediately, a full investigation was conducted, additional security controls were put in place and a limited number of affected clients were notified. Since then, we have been collaborating with industry partners and law enforcement to investigate and disrupt insider recruitment efforts targeting not only crypto companies, but also gaming and telecommunications organizations. More recently, we received another tip, along with a new video showing similar activity. We quickly identified the individual involved and terminated their access. As before, we acted immediately to revoke access, conduct a full investigation, and notify the small number of affected clients. Across both incidents, only a very small number of client accounts were potentially viewed - approximately 2,000 in total (0.02% of clients). Shortly after access was terminated, we began receiving extortion demands. The criminals threatened to distribute materials from both the February 2025 incident and the recent incident to media outlets and on social media if we did not comply. We will not pay these criminals. Based on intelligence gathered across both incidents, along with extensive ongoing analysis, we believe there is sufficient evidence to support the identification and arrest of those responsible. We are actively working with federal law enforcement across multiple jurisdictions to pursue all individuals involved and bring them to justice. Due to the ongoing investigation, we cannot share additional details at this time. However, anyone with relevant information is encouraged to contact us directly. The security of our clients is our highest priority, and we remain fully committed to combating the growing global threat of insider recruitment and constantly enhancing our security practices to combat new threats. Note: If you are a client potentially affected by this, you've already been notified.
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The fake Ledger app (as shown below) on Apple’s App Store, reportedly drained $9.5M from more than 50 victims in less than 7 days. It has now been taking down, but be very careful with what you download.
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