1. That wasn’t “Rescue Randy”; it was a Hybrid III 50th-percentile male anthropomorphic test dummy, or ATD for short. “Rescue Randy” was only used for the seventh impact test, i.e., the direct hit at 29 mph. The other tests, including the 24 mph one you reference, all used the ATD or its right-arm assembly.
2. Did you make a note of the force measurements? In the 24 mph impact test, the dummy arm took four thousands of a second to accelerate from 0 to 24 mph and reached a peak acceleration of about 300 times gravity, which worked out to forces *way* above the point at which fractures are expected. In fact, even in the 10 mph test, which didn’t damage the test taillight at all, the dummy hand experienced a force of about 800 pounds, which’d be a little bit larger if the 95th percentile dummy had been used. A force of ~370 lbs is enough to fracture any bone in a human hand.
If you were wondering why Jud didn’t testify as a rebuttal witness, I think this is the reason.
He testified on direct that fractures start to occur in PMV collisions at around 8 mph. That sounded ludicrously low to me at the time, but ARCCA’s 10 mph linear impact test substantiated it.
Jud testified that he had never seen, personally or in the scholarly literature, of a 24 mph PMV collision that didn’t cause any fractures.
The “basis” of his opinion that this had happened to O’Keefe was that there were no postmortem x-rays of O’Keefe’s arm.
On June 10, the day before the defense rested, Elizabeth Laposata testified about O’Keefe’s postmortem arm x-rays, which did not show any fractures and were entered as exhibits.
On June 11, Hank announced that he would call no rebuttal witnesses.
Aperture’s invoices, which were produced in response to a FOIA request after trial, show that Jud (1) billed almost $100,000 to review ARCCA’s testing and prepare a rebuttal, and (2) was in Massachusetts, and apparently in the courthouse, on June 11.
What do you make of that, professor? Sounds a bit like Jud bailed after finding out about the x-rays, don’t it?
PS: did you actually watch ARCCA’s testimony, or have you just seen that one .gif you’re grossly misinterpreting? Why don’t you watch and then ask Grok some follow-up questions?