There is a telling detail here. Many of these attacks happened in the richest, most cosmopolitan parts of the country, in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Suzhou, the very places that used to hum with jobs, startups, music, restaurants, and the sense that the world was brimming with opportunities. They are still China’s wealthiest cities. But the feeling of opportunity, of upward mobility, has degraded substantially. The pain is sharpest where the fall is steepest, because people there have suffered actual losses of income and status rather than merely gains that failed to arrive. This is the prospect theory in action: A gain you never received is not felt nearly as keenly as the loss you suffered. The backlash is more visceral because the reversal is more real.