🫀 ESC HEART FAILURE GUIDELINES 2026 — WHAT HAS CHANGED?
The new ESC HF Guidelines bring major changes in classification, treatment, decompensation, devices and precision phenotyping.
🔹 1 | New HF classification
➡️ HFrEF: LVEF <50%
➡️ HFpEF: LVEF ≥50%
The previous HFmrEF category is removed.
🔹 2 | “Acute HF” → “Decompensated HF (DHF)”
Management focuses on identifying the trigger and rapidly assessing congestion, perfusion, BP, renal function and oxygenation.
🔹 3 | Smarter decongestion
IV loop diuretics remain first-line.
If response is inadequate, consider sequential nephron blockade with IV acetazolamide or oral hydrochlorothiazide.
Early urinary sodium assessment may help guide diuretic escalation.
🔹 4 | Treat before discharge
Once stabilized, initiate/optimize foundational therapy—including in-hospital SGLT2 inhibitor initiation.
After discharge, aim for rapid optimization, with uptitration generally every 1–2 weeks when tolerated.
🔹 5 | MRA therapy expands
MRAs now have a broader role across the EF spectrum, including selected patients with HFpEF.
And if EF improves?
➡️ Continue foundational therapy.
🔹 6 | HFpEF becomes increasingly treatable
Beyond SGLT2 inhibitors, treatment now includes broader use of MRAs and selected RAAS inhibition, alongside phenotype-driven management of comorbidities.
🔹 7 | CRT: refined selection and timing
CRT remains Class I A for symptomatic HFrEF with:
➡️ LVEF ≤35%
➡️ sinus rhythm
➡️ LBBB
➡️ QRS ≥150 ms
despite optimal foundational therapy.
In this strong electrical phenotype, CRT planning may begin alongside initiation of foundational therapy, with reassessment before implantation.
⚠️ Evidence remains insufficient to recommend conduction-system pacing as an alternative to CRT in HFrEF.
🔹 8 | ICD: more individualized
Primary prevention:
➡️ Ischaemic HFrEF, LVEF ≤35% → Class I
➡️ Non-ischaemic HFrEF, LVEF ≤35% → Class IIa
Consider competing mortality, comorbidities, frailty, life expectancy and patient preference.
🔹 9 | Obesity becomes a treatment target
In selected symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥45% and BMI ≥30 kg/m², semaglutide or tirzepatide should be considered to improve weight, symptoms, exercise capacity and QoL.
🔹 10 | Precision imaging & aetiology
The focus moves beyond EF toward identifying why the patient has HF, with greater roles for CMR, CT, nuclear imaging and genetic testing.
ATTR-CM therapy also expands to tafamidis, acoramidis and vutrisiran.
🔹 11 | Mitral TEER & haemodynamic monitoring
Mitral TEER receives a Class I recommendation in appropriately selected HFrEF with severe secondary MR despite optimized therapy/CRT.
Pulmonary artery pressure-guided monitoring is strengthened to Class IIa in selected high-risk patients.
📌 The ESC HF 2026 message:
Diagnose earlier → phenotype better → decongest effectively → start treatment early → titrate rapidly → personalize devices and interventions → prevent the next decompensation.
💡 HF management is becoming less about treating an EF number—and more about treating the individual patient’s phenotype, aetiology, haemodynamics and comorbidities.
#ESCCongress #HeartFailure #Cardiology #HFrEF #HFpEF #CRT #SGLT2i #CardiacImaging