Using single-cell proteomics, we discovered protein (and functional) symmetry breaking in early mammalian embryos influencing cell fates.
These proteomic asymmetries are detectable at the zygote stage, intensify by the 2-cell and 4-cell stage, and correlate with the sperm entry site, pointing to fertilization as a symmetry-breaking event. The clear protein differences allowed us to define two types of blastomeres, termed alpha and beta.
⬛ These differences predict the developmental potential of the blastomeres. Similar clustering and protein enrichment patterns found in human 2-cell embryos suggest this early asymmetry might be conserved.
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