Why I Believe Neither the AI Singularity nor Apocalypse are Nigh
There are several fundamental errors that I believe the "maximalists" are making:
(1) "You can sit down in an empty room and think really hard to figure out what's true." Also known as Aristotle's Folly, it's incredibly easy for humans to think this, but thinking this is probably what led to ~2000 years of technological near stagnation after Aristotle. This is relevant here because of folks thinking that AI will discover new technologies - for good or ill. Nope! People have been thinking that - and being wrong about it - for millenia. Sitting down and thinking really hard can give you new hypotheses, but the real world is SUPER complicated, and so you actually have to do experiments. They also can't just simulate it - you can calculate the size of computer needed to simulate from basic principles even really simple systems... and they turn out to require more bits than the number of atoms in the universe. Turns out that the only thing that simulate the universe is the universe. In other words, no new technologies are going to be found here(Footnote 1).
(2) "They're maybe only so-so now, but look at the pace of development! They're self-improving, so they can become infinitely smart!" This is about like saying "In 1886, cars could only go 10 mph. By 1894, they were going 20 mph, and 40 mph by 1896. Average doubling time was 5 years, so by 1917, they'd be going the speed of sound, and breaking light speed by 2016. It ignores limitations inherent in the technology. First, current LLM are based on a very particular technology, around language. So they're SUPER good at language! And we've been saying for ever that programming and math are basically just languages... and it turns out that more or less, that's true. So they're great at that. But they have several really inherent constraints - first is that they're really just not structured to have a world model. Global consistency of a latent world just isn't a thing for them. This is inherent... and there's only so far you can go there. It's why they're NEVER going to be AGI, or be able to improve beyond a certain point. Could some OTHER basic approach produce AGI? Sure - but we might be trapped in a local minima here, and so development of really good LLM might make the production of machine super intelligences LESS likely. In any case, it doesn't really change much about their likelihood of arriving, aside from the improvement they may cause in any line of research.
(3) Related to the above - they require a lot of physical plant. Note the other controversy associated with them - datacenters. So they can't have runaway growth, because they're already as "grown" as the data centers are. If you posit that they could Van Neumann machine their way out of it ... just build robots that built more physical plant, until the entire universe was converted to paperclips ... that's ALSO precisely as likely now as it was 10 years ago. It posits the existence of a human ability to generate nearly infinite industrial potential. Honestly, I'd be super happy if that was true - but it turns out physical plant is just about never that easy.
There are potential catastrophes associated with AI - but they're more about enabling bad HUMAN actors. They will make it easier to hack computer systems, for sure, but they'll also make it easier for bad actors to do other nefarious things, because while they may never be AGI, they ARE already "artificial expertise" - and that alone is pretty powerful. But it's a very different kind of threat.
Footnote 1: That's not saying they won't be really useful for research; I find them useful myself. But in the end, you have to do the work.