Scotland is the interesting contrast for the thesis that anglophone countries have a weak apartment tradition because we didn't adopt condominium laws until after the good apartment typologies were banned (by parking minimums, front and side setbacks, dual egress requirements, etc).
Scots law is a civil-law hybrid, and there you could own a flat outright under the common law of the tenement. The Tenements (Scotland) Act 2004 later codified it.
Edinburgh and Glasgow have the strongest apartment tradition in Britain.
So I have been agnostic for a long time about why anglophone countries have such a weak apartment tradition compared to the continent.
I'm starting to agree with the property law theory of everything. England didn't have condo law until 2002.
The Napoleonic Code let you own a floor of a subdivided building in 1804.
The US got condos in 1961--which would have legalized owning a condo in a courtyard block buildings--courtyard block buildings had been illegal for ~20 years.
With exceptions of coops in NYC (and some in Chicago), American pre-war multifamily is rental.
And this partly explains both why our apartment tradition is so lackluster compared to continental AND why Americans have such a hard time with aspirational apartment ownership (we don't have a great stock of aspirational apartments)
But mixed-use apartment buildings are necessary for green, dense, walkable neighborhoods (which many want but no one is building), so Americans have good reason to figure this one out