This form is effectively blocked at every turn in the U.S.
Let’s ignore zoning, code for now and just talk about development finance. For most projects that is 2 conversations - the construction loan that gets you to a filled building & “perm” debt that gets you to an acceptable yield.
Construction loans are riskier. So the interest rate (and fees) reflect that. Meanwhile many lenders have a niche in what they mostly lend one. This one does a lot of medical. That one multifamily. This one strip centers. And so on. Know what niche no construction lenders like? Small mixed use buildings. Not one.
So the only option for this type is a local oriented bank. Which means your list of possible lenders has shrunk to (maybe) 3 that will actually look at this kind of deal with any real interest. And since it’s an “atypical product” expect especially conservative underwriting and a heftier than normal amount of equity (cash) being required.
What this means practically is you need a unicorn property that shows positive cash flow after getting the rent assumption beaten to death. Or to throw an obscene amount of equity into the project. Probably both. And of course if you’re doing small development it’s because you have tons of capital, right?
Now - let’s say you find a unicorn lender. The next obstacle is the permanent financing. Because you won’t really make any money (or get some of that obscene equity amount back) until you can get out of that construction loan via refinance.
Except there is no product for long amortization loans on something like this. If it’s multifamily you have a robust capital market via the GSEs offering low rate, 30 year loans. Often with long interest only periods, attractive debt ratio requirements, and all non-recourse. So we’re back to a short list of area banks with 20 year amortizations, higher debt coverage requirements, less of your own money back plus a personal guaranty that puts your home & all your assets on the hook.
Once you understand how this works in practice it’s no wonder these don’t get built. You basically need to be a non-pragmatic wealthy person doing this as a vanity project with some potential upside. Far easier to just go build garden apartments wherever the land becomes cheap enough while still being a viable commute. They’ll lend you money on those easy.
We’re missing a crucial housing type in the U.S.:
Housing over small shops
Life on the ground floor
Starter homes above
It creates the backbone of a walkable city.
Also known as a Residential-over-Retail, a 15 minute street, and a Livable Community.