The most significant takeaway from the summit went virtually unnoticed in mainstream coverage: the historical documents presented are considered deeply humiliating in Chinese diplomatic memory.
1. The 1844 Treaty of Wanghia—despite its official title, “Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce between the US and China”—is widely regarded in China as the first unequal treaty between the US and China. The 1858 Treaty of Tientsin is viewed in much the same way.
2. “The 1895 letter from the Guangxu Emperor to President Grover Cleveland” is equally revealing. The letter formally thanked Charles Denby, the American Minister in Beijing who mediated negotiations during the First Sino-Japanese War. Yet Denby pressured the Qing court into accepting the catastrophic Treaty of Shimonoseki—a settlement largely drafted by his son, which ceded Taiwan to Japan and remains a central pillar of China's "Century of Humiliation."
3. Most striking of all was the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco. As Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning stated last November, the treaty excluded major WWII Allies such as the PRC and the Soviet Union in order to conclude a separate peace with Japan. She argued that it violated the 1942 Declaration by United Nations, the UN Charter, and fundamental principles of international law. Accordingly, Beijing maintains that any provisions in the treaty concerning Taiwan or China's territorial sovereignty are "entirely illegal and null and void."
In Beijing’s eyes, Trump displaying these documents wasn't a casual history lesson—it was a menacing preview of the kind of capitulation Washington expects next.
No wonder you won't see a single word about them in Chinese state media.
The documents just viewed by President Trump and President Xi, I’m told by a source familiar, include:
1. Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and Bill of Rights
2. Brick from the Great Wall of China
3. Treaty of Wanghia, 1844 - Peace, Amity, and Commerce between the U.S. and China
4. Treaty of Tientsin, 1858 – Supplementing the Treaty of Wanghia, 1844
5. Letter from the Guangxu Emperor to President Grover Cleveland, 1895
6. Treaty of San Francisco, 1951