Can nonlinear dynamical-systems and complexity science help us understand the radical potential of the human mind, and perhaps even enlightenment?
Here I announce our new publication “Brain Criticality and Advanced Meditation ‘Cessation’ Events: An Intensively Sampled Electroencephalography Case Study” now out in IBRO Neuroscience Reports
A cessation event is an endpoint of advanced meditation that may occur after mastery of practice. Related to nirodha and enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism, it is marked by a brief loss of consciousness followed by reports of mental reset, deep clarity, and bliss.
In this study, we intensively sampled a single extraordinary meditator who could repeatedly access these advanced states. Using EEG neuroelectrophysiology, we recorded brain activity surrounding approximately 37 cessation events.
We investigated these events using the mathematical concept of brain criticality. Brain criticality is the idea that the brain operates near a transition between highly ordered and highly disordered, or chaotic, activity, enabling both stability and flexibility. Criticality analysis has previously been used to characterize states such as psychedelic experiences and anesthesia-induced unconsciousness, and deviations from criticality have been associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
To map changes in criticality surrounding cessation events, we applied detrended fluctuation analysis, or DFA, to the EEG recordings. DFA measures long-range temporal correlations and the long-term memory of a signal. As the DFA exponent approaches 1, these correlations strengthen and brain activity approaches criticality; values above 1 indicate nonstationary, supercritical dynamics.
By combining intensive neuroelectrophysiological measurement with criticality analysis, we examined how brain dynamics change as consciousness approaches, enters, and emerges from cessation.
We found, with some technical detail:
–-A spike in the whole-brain average DFA exponent leading up to cessation with a post-cessation elevation, suggesting a strengthening of long-range temporal correlations and movement towards the critical point surrounding cessations (Figure 2)
–-More pronounced linear DFA exponent changepoint effects in central, posterior, and right frontal EEG channels (Figures 3 and 4)
–-Exploratory analysis of the cessation itself after additional data cleaning suggests near-critical and supercritical dynamics during the cessation event
Said more plainly, our results indicate that brain activity moved toward a more balanced state between order and disorder as cessation approached, continued through the event, and remained altered afterward. These results inform a growing understanding of the brain in advanced meditation and the potential of human consciousness.
Congratulations to my incredible colleagues: Remko van Lutterveld, Tom Cahaly, Lukas van Herk, and Daniel Ingram
Full manuscript PDF below ⤵️
May this work benefit many 🙏