Phones leave footprints.That's why CDR analysis is always the first step in investigations.Yes,modern Safe City systems fm difft vendors have optional facial recognition modules.The Qn you raised at the end is the key one capability vs governance. 1/2
Security and external intelligence organisations (ESO) routinely share information across borders.
Masts and phones are criminals' and security's best allies - used to coordinate crime while leaving behind digital footprints through unique and specific handset and SIM-card identifiers (IMEI), precise geolocation data and subscriber records.
Who you called before discarding the SIM card or handset can sometimes be one of the strongest leads security needs.
Also, don't underestimate those AI-powered state CCTV systems, they are capable of far more than simply recording footage. If configured, they can perform facial-recognition matching against watchlists.
Just so you know, state surveillance technology supplied mostly by China and Israel is allover Africa, and it works. The question is: in whose interests?