Very much new scientific objects that we are only starting to grapple with and even understand how to use. And there will be many more like AlphaFold to come!
AF in itself holds deep explanatory power, from its internals as what is likely to exist (be observable) in the physical world, as well as its outputs because of biomolecular structure being a fundamental mechanical and information-processing layer in nature.
Caveat: This explanatory power only comes if models actually generalise (or within their domain of generalisation).
A deeper question about AlphaFold:
In what sense is even a scientific explanation at all?
It’s not going to have some crazy unforeseen predictive power outside of protein folding, such as say, relativity had on Mercury’s precession.
There's a couple of ways you can interpret this:
1. it's not an explanation at all,
2. it contains little explanations you can extract through interpretability (Magnus Carlsen appears to have changed his game after AlphaZero forensics were published), or
3. it's a genuinely new type of scientific object we don't have the verbs for yet.