i think ultimately the issuing side's best positioned for consumer machine commerce vs. the wallets / networks / wrappers.
the issuing side:
• controls the auth (i.e., truly, ultimately decides if money moves)
• can program the delegation layer (merchant / MCC, time, amount, duration etc.)
• owns the downside ... so CARES fundamentally (fraud, disputes, CS, refunds)
• knows the customer and owns IDV (has customer relationship, can provision, has events/signals)
hard to see issuing side giving up scope to other players here medium- longterm.
wallets own interface, networks own protocol, issuing owns permission.
interface/permission seem most critical-