ALT Fig. 1. (a) The two target types shot during this experiment indicated by targets A and B. (b) Schematic of the experimental setup used to collect VISAR and in situ XRD data at HED and MEC, not to scale. VISAR measured the particle velocity at the Al-LiF interface of the A-type targets. The two Varex detectors on HED enable approximately half of the Debye-Scherrer XRD pattern to be collected, and an example 2D diffraction image from laser-shocked Nb at 82(26) GPa (Run 1547 HED) is shown with × 2.6 magnification. (c) Representative VISAR image for a type-A target (Run 1718 HED). The pink arrow indicates the width of the XFEL beam in the vertical direction at HED (showing the shock was planar over the probed region) and t = 0 ns represents the time at which the drive laser was turned on.