Cardinal Jules Mazarin (born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, July 14, 1602 – March 9, 1661) ranks among the most influential statesmen of seventeenth-century France. An Italian by birth, he rose to become cardinal and principal minister, first under Louis XIII and subsequently during the formative years of Louis XIV’s reign. He personified diplomatic acumen, discreet yet decisive authority, and the consolidation of monarchical power. His passion for letters and erudition prompted him to assemble one of the largest private libraries of his time, which, preserved as the Bibliothèque Mazarine, remains the oldest public library in France and continues to be housed within the Institut de France. Among the works contained in Mazarin’s collection was a copy of Bellum Scodrense by Giorgio Merula (Latinized Georgius Merula), the Italian Renaissance humanist and philologist. Merula, both historian and editor of the Latin classics, composed this text in the immediate aftermath of the Ottoman siege of Shkodra. Framed within the conventions of classical historiography, his narrative elevated the Albanian resistance into the register of heroic antiquity. Within this account appears a particularly telling remark: « De inuadenda Macedonia quæ ad mare Adriaticum recedit, & a iunioribus Albania dicitur » that is, « He turned his mind to the invasion of Macedonia, which stretches toward the Adriatic Sea and is called Albania by the younger generation. » This formulation leaves no room for ambiguity: it directly associates the Macedonia extending to the Adriatic with the name Albania.
The same identification reappears in the Albanian humanist Marin Barleti, an eyewitness of the siege itself. Born in Shkodra ca. 1450, Barleti was present during the events of 1478–79 and, after taking refuge in Italy, composed his celebrated De obsidione Scodrensi (1504). In this work he writes: « in Macedonia, quae nunc vernaculo sermone Albania dicitur, quia incolentes ex antiquo Epirotica lingua utuntur »that is, « in Macedonia, which in the vernacular tongue is now called Albania, since its inhabitants from antiquity have used the Epirote language… » Elsewhere he underscores the city’s geopolitical centrality: « Scodra, Macedoniae ora maris caput », that is, « Shkodra, the capital of the Macedonian seacoast. »
The significance of these passages is considerable. Merula, writing as an Italian Renaissance humanist, and Barleti, testifying as an Albanian participant and survivor, converge on the same identification: Albania was regarded as part of ancient Macedonia, and its inhabitants as preservers of the Epirote tongue from antiquity.
Taken together, the testimonies of Merula and Barleti illustrate both the immediate humanist reception and the lived memory of the Albanian resistance. More than a century later, Mazarin, the architect of French absolutism, ensured the preservation of Merula’s work within his library, thereby transmitting this narrative into the intellectual culture of seventeenth-century Europe. In so doing, he perpetuated an image of Albania as the heir to Macedonia and Epirus, a land of heroic antiquity recast as Christendom’s bulwark against the Ottoman Empire.
portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/4…
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