🇬🇧🎂 HAPPY BIRTHDAY, SIR BARNES WALLIS 🎂🇬🇧
Born 26th September 1887. A posthumous happy birthday today to one of Britain's great engineers and inventors; Sir Barnes Neville Wallis. Most of us know his name because of one extraordinary invention: the “bouncing bomb”.
During the Second World War, Wallis faced what seemed an almost impossible engineering problem. Germany's strategically important dams were immense structures, protected against conventional attack and underwater torpedoes.
Wallis developed Upkeep; technically a mine rather than an ordinary bomb, designed to be dropped from a Lancaster at extremely low altitude with backspin. It would skip across the water, pass over defensive nets, strike the dam and sink down its face before exploding underwater.
And the idea wasn't born from some enormous computer simulation. Wallis experimented with objects skipping across water, including trials with marbles in a garden water tank, gradually working out the physics that would ultimately be translated into a full-sized weapon.
✈️ Then came the Dambusters
On the night of 16–17 May 1943, the specially formed RAF 617 Squadron, commanded by Wing Commander Guy Gibson, flew Operation Chastise against the Möhne, Eder and Sorpe dams. Nineteen Lancasters took part.
🇬🇧 And there's a little piece of that history in Derbyshire… The crews practised their extraordinary low-level flying and bomb-aiming techniques at Derwent Dam, chosen because of its resemblance to the German dams. Today a memorial there commemorates 617 Squadron and Barnes Wallis's invention, with the rather wonderful inscription:
“THEY PAID FOR OUR FREEDOM.”
Wallis was awarded £10,000 for his war work from the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors. His grief at the loss of so many airmen in the dams raid was such that Wallis donated the entire sum to his alma mater Christ's Hospital School in 1951 to allow them to set up the RAF Foundationers' Trust, assisting the children of RAF personnel killed or injured in action to attend the school.
And Wallis's story didn't end with the Dambusters.
He was an aircraft designer, structural engineer and aviation pioneer whose work stretched from airships and the Wellington bomber to Tallboy, Grand Slam and later ideas for advanced aircraft and high-speed flight.
🇬🇧 And here's a less well-known part of his story…
Long before the Dambusters, Barnes Wallis himself wore uniform during the First World War.
In 1915, after briefly serving with the Artists Rifles, his engineering expertise saw him brought back to Britain's developing military airship programme. He received a temporary commission as a Sub-Lieutenant in the RNVR, serving with the Royal Naval Air Service.
His name even appears in the London Gazette of 14 September 1915 among the newly appointed Sub-Lieutenants. Rather wonderfully, the young naval officer photographed in uniform in 1915 would, nearly three decades later, become one of the engineers most closely associated with the RAF's most famous wartime operations.
He died in 1979, aged 92. So today, 139 years after his birth, a posthumous happy birthday to…🎂 Sir Barnes Wallis. Engineer. Inventor. Problem-solver.
And the man who looked at a stone skipping across water and helped turn the principle behind it into one of the most remarkable engineering stories of the Second World War. 🇬🇧✈️