Fifty years ago, the spacecraft that would be the first to successfully land and operate on Mars, Viking 1, would also be a big reason The Planetary Society got founded.
Carl Sagan, who worked on Viking, helped choose the landing site and knew Viking would prove something extraordinary: Mars robotic exploration was possible. He knew this spacecraft was going to change the tide. On July 20, 1976, Viking 1 landed successfully on Mars and sent the first photo back.
Despite Viking's success there was a continued fight over its funding. After it landed, NASA's planetary program came under pressure as money and attention shifted toward the Space Shuttle. Bruce Murray, who had become JPL's Director just months before Viking landed, watched planetary missions get squeezed out as a result. He and Carl Sagan believed the public's fascination with Mars and other worlds deserved to be matched in Washington's budgets, not dismissed as an excuse to cut funding.
A few years after Viking touched down, the two of them, along with Louis Friedman, founded The Planetary Society to make sure Viking's successors wouldn't be lost to the same budget cuts.
Fifty years ago, humanity started a robotic journey to Mars with one lander. And it opened a door that robots have been roving through ever since.
1️⃣: The first photograph ever taken on the surface of Mars was obtained by Viking 1 just minutes after the spacecraft landed successfully.
2️⃣: Carl Sagan stands in front of a Viking lander model in Death Valley, California. NASA/JPL
3️⃣: Planetary Society founders Bruce Murray, Carl Sagan, and Louis Friedman.