JPMorgan, HSBC, Citi. Same word in every headline: "on-chain." Look closer and no two of these seven banks are building the same thing.
𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘀
↳ Deposit tokens on a public blockchain. JPMorgan's JPMD has been live for institutional clients on Coinbase's Base since November 2025, and is now expanding to the Canton Network.
↳ A licensed, regulated stablecoin. HSBC and Standard Chartered hold two of Hong Kong's only stablecoin licenses. Standard Chartered's HKDAP just opened a limited institutional beta. HSBC's own HKD stablecoin is still coming later this year. Societe Generale has run this playbook the longest, its EUR and USD CoinVertible tokens have been live since 2023 and 2025.
↳ Tokenized deposits for corporate treasury. HSBC's Tokenised Deposit Service now runs across six markets. Citi Token Services runs across five.
↳ A shared network instead of a solo product. Bank of America is putting its weight behind The Clearing House's joint Tokenized Deposit Network, targeting first half of 2027, while its CEO keeps warning that trillions in deposits are at risk from stablecoins.
Which model do you think will win at scale: deposit tokens, regulated stablecoins, tokenized deposits, or shared networks?