Oman is widely perceived as a moderate and forward-looking Muslim state that practices a more tolerant form of Islam known as Ibadism, distinct from both Sunni and Shia traditions. Historically, this has fostered a culture of religious tolerance, a largely violence-free society and a tradition of peace diplomacy, earning Oman the nickname “the Switzerland of the Middle East.”
Hamam al-Hammami, the co-pilot of FlyDubai Flight 1073, was radicalized not in Oman but in Syria, where, with a Syrian mother and Omani father, he grew up amid the prolonged Western-supported civil war against the Assad regime.
The covert campaign against Assad, which began during the Barack Obama presidency, became the CIA’s largest covert operation since its 1980s “jihad” against Soviet forces in Afghanistan — a campaign that helped give rise to Al Qaeda and figures such as Osama bin Laden.
Co-pilot Hammami’s attempt to bring down Flight 1073 by attacking the captain with a crash ax is the latest example of how Western replacement of secular dictators (from Iraq and Libya to Syria) with more Islamist alternatives can come back to haunt international security. Even the 1979 “Islamic Revolution” in Iran had its roots in the CIA’s 1953 overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, a secular, democratically elected nationalist leader who famously nationalized Iran's oil industry, which had previously been controlled by the British Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now BP).