As of January 1, 2026, the United States had 130 operable petroleum refineries, The last major U.S. oil refinery with significant downstream processing capacity is Marathon’s Garyville, Louisiana plant, which came online in 1977, at an original 200,000 barrels per calendar day. It has since been expanded to about 617,000 b/cd.,but only
Smaller, simpler facilities have opened more recently. The newest currently operating refinery is the Texas International Terminals plant in Galveston, Texas (45,000 b/cd), which started in February 2022.
Environmental permitting, local opposition, high
Recent closures—especially on the West Coast—have reduced regional supply. California in particular has lost significant capacity and now relies more on imports, which adds cost and vulnerability.
EIA data show that from 1990 through early 2026, permanently shut refineries removed more than 3.5 million barrels per day of atmospheric distillation capacity.
Many of the closed plants were smaller, older facilities that became uneconomic; a few larger ones have also shut or converted to renewable diesel or terminals, particularly since 2020. Capacity additions at surviving plants have offset only part of the loss.